Biology: Science for Life with Physiology (6th Edition) (Belk, Border & Maier, The Biology: Science for Life Series, 5th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134555430
Author: Colleen Belk, Virginia Borden Maier
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20, Problem 2AAATB
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The heart functioning, and symptoms of the congestive heart failure.
Introduction:
The congestive heart failure is a condition in which the heart does not pump the blood adequately to meet the body’s need. It occurs when the heart muscles are very weak to function properly. Many diseases can also interrupt the functioning of the heart and can cause congestive heart failure.
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In congestive heart failure fluid is leaking from capillaries and there will be evidence of edema in some regions of the body. The reason this fluid is accumulating outside of vessels is because ________________________.
Group of answer choices
1)the increased flow to the vessels resulting from the stenosis, results in greater leaking by the capillaries.
2)capillaries are porous structures, and in the event of an increased fluid volume contained within the backed up vessels (in the atrium lets say), more leakage happens.
3)the pressure in the chest increases with stenosis, and capillaries in the abdominal organs leak.
4)with lower flow of blood to the atria, fluid leaks from the ventricles
compare and contrast the difference between, right, left, and biventricular heart failure. Explain why a patient could have right-sided heart failure.
If a person has a heart murmur caused by the improper opening and closing of a heart valve, the ECG or heart sounds (choose one) will be unusual as the blood is forced through a more narrow opening (stenotic valve), or the blood backflows because the valve does not close properly (incompetent valve). Explain your reasoning for the answer choice.
Chapter 20 Solutions
Biology: Science for Life with Physiology (6th Edition) (Belk, Border & Maier, The Biology: Science for Life Series, 5th Edition)
Ch. 20 - Describe how contraction of the diaphragm allows...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2LTBCh. 20 - Alveoli are ___________. small air sacs at the...Ch. 20 - Prob. 4LTBCh. 20 - Prob. 5LTBCh. 20 - Prob. 6LTBCh. 20 - Prob. 7LTBCh. 20 - Prob. 8LTBCh. 20 - Heart attacks ___________. are typically caused by...Ch. 20 - Prob. 10LTB
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- Given a disruption in the structure or function of the cardiovascular system such as pulmonary edema, what possible factors or situations might have created that disruption? Please answer in detailarrow_forwardWhat is the function of heart failure and treatmentarrow_forwardIndicate the correct order of the sequence of events occurring during congestive heart failure. Order the sentences (Hint: End with "g") This question is a great summary of what happens, in steps, in congestive heart failure. a. narrowed bicuspid valve makes the L atrium pump harder in order to "push" blood into the L ventricle through an opening that is too narrow. b. pressure of the extra, backed up blood in the lung creates pressure in the capillaries that begin to leak fluid into the lung. c. extra "left-over" blood in the atrium that has not descended into the ventricle after a beat has nowhere to go. d. congenital heart defect causes a narrowed bicuspid valve e. not all blood gets "pushed" from the L atrium to the L ventricle during a regular heart beat f. blood that backed up in the L atrium with nowhere to go backs up further, into the pulmonary veins and eventually into the lung g. the patient gets less oxygen with each breath, feels tired all the time and is…arrow_forward
- Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a rapid and unorganized beating of the upper chambers of the heart. It is generally not life-threatening in the short term, but it dramatically impacts how a patient feels, and it can have bad consequences in the long term. One of those “bad consequences” is stroke, caused by blood clots that can form in the atria when they are “fibrillating” for long periods of time, and the clots subsequently flow to the brain. We are now planning a study to see whether a new therapy (perhaps cryoablation plus a new drug) is better than a control therapy (perhaps cryotherapy plus an old drug) at preventing stroke or death. Our primary endpoint will be a composite of stroke or all-cause mortality, and we will structure this as a time-to-event analysis. We think the new therapy will lead to a reduction in risk of 40% (that is, a hazard ratio of 0.60). How many events must we observe (combined across both therapy groups) in order to have 95% power to detect a reduction…arrow_forwardWhy should we maintain a patient in a compensated heart failure state?arrow_forwardIf the left side of the heart fails, then __________________________ Group of answer choices 1)the heart is unable to move blood from the pulmonary circuit to the systemic circuit at the rate needed. This would result in the back up of blood in the lower legs with resulting edema 2)the heart is unable to move blood from the systemic circuit to the pulmonary circuit at the rate needed. This would result in the back up of blood in the aorta. 3)blood would not back up at all, but rather pressure would increase in the left ventricle. 4)the heart is unable to move blood from the pulmonary circuit to the systemic circuit at the rate needed. This would result in the back up of blood in the pulmonary circuit.arrow_forward
- Identify if the statements are TRUE or FALSE. TRUE FALSE STATEMENTS Cutting the vagus nerves where they innervate the heart would increase the heart rate. During the ventricular contraction all the blood is forced out of the ventricles. At late diastole, the atria and ventricles are relaxed and the aortic semilunar valve is open.arrow_forwardExplain the association between atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease. Imagine that you were the Surgeon General of the United States. What types of programs would you advocate to decrease heart disease? Do you think that as a society we should invest resources into the development of stemcell therapies for more effective treatment of myocardial infarction?arrow_forwardAll of the following are types of coronary artery disease except: Angina Myocardial infarction Atherosclerosis Arteriosclerosis Choose the correct answerarrow_forward
- Fill in the blank: The period during which a heart chamber is relaxing is called _______________________.arrow_forwardAlthough not considered the primary pacemaker of the heart, the atrioventricular node can indeed be considered as playing SOME role in setting the rhythm of the heart (kind of a secondary pacemaker). Explain how/why.arrow_forwardheart failure occurs whenarrow_forward
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