(a)
Interpretation:
Energy difference between the ground and excited state of
Concept Introduction:
Planck’s hypothesis states energy difference associated with photon is as follows:
Here,
Boltzmann’s distribution law for relative population is as follows:
Here,
(a)
Explanation of Solution
Conversion factor to convert
Thus,
Planck’s hypothesis states energy difference associated with photon is as follows:
Substitute
(b)
Interpretation:
Ratio of
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(b)
Explanation of Solution
Boltzmann’s distribution law for relative population is as follows:
Substitute 3 for
(c)
Interpretation:
Percent fraction change when temperature changes to
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(c)
Explanation of Solution
Substitute 3 for
Thus percent change when temperature changes to
(d)
Interpretation:
Ratio of
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(d)
Explanation of Solution
Substitute 3 for
Hence, ratio of
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