Chapter 20, Problem 20.26QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Each of the following reaction has to be identified as fission, fission, radioactive decay or transmutation.

Concept introduction:

Type of nuclear reaction:

Fusion reaction:

Nuclear fission reaction is the reaction in which large nucleus splits into multiple lighter nuclei.  The sum of mass of the product nuclei is lighter than that of original nucleus.

Radioactive decay:

Radioactive decay is the process in which a nucleus of the atom spontaneously disintegrated and gives radiation.  Thus radiation having one or more electrons, neutrons, alpha particle or electromagnetic radiation depending on the nucleus.

Fission reaction:

Fission reaction is heavy nucleus splits into smaller nuclei with releasing some amount of energy and neutrons.

Transmutation:

Transmutation is change of one atom to another atom by bombarding original nucleus of the atom with nuclear particle such as alpha particle.

Answer to Problem 20.26QP

$\text{4}\text{H}\stackrel{}{\to }\text{H}\text{e + 2}\text{e}$

This reaction is found to be fusion reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Given nuclear reaction is,

$\text{4}\text{H}\stackrel{}{\to }\text{H}\text{e + 2}\text{e}$

This reaction is found to be fusion reaction.  Multiple atoms are combined together to produce an atom with slightly smaller weight than that of sum of masses of the original nucleus and the difference in mass is released as energy.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Each of the following reaction has to be identified as fission, fission, radioactive decay or transmutation.

Concept introduction:

Type of nuclear reaction:

Fusion reaction:

Nuclear fission reaction is the reaction in which large nucleus splits into multiple lighter nuclei.  The sum of mass of the product nuclei is lighter than that of original nucleus.

Radioactive decay:

Radioactive decay is the process in which a nucleus of the atom spontaneously disintegrated and gives radiation.  Thus radiation having one or more electrons, neutrons, alpha particle or electromagnetic radiation depending on the nucleus.

Fission reaction:

Fission reaction is heavy nucleus splits into smaller nuclei with releasing some amount of energy and neutrons.

Transmutation:

Transmutation is change of one atom to another atom by bombarding original nucleus of the atom with nuclear particle such as alpha particle.

Answer to Problem 20.26QP

$\text{C}\stackrel{}{\to }\text{N}\text{ + }\text{e}$

This reaction is found to be radioactive decay.

Explanation of Solution

Given nuclear reaction is,

$\text{C}\stackrel{}{\to }\text{N}\text{ + }\text{e}$

This reaction is found to be radioactive decay.  In this process a Carbon-14 nucleus impulsively disintegrates and giving off radiation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Each of the following reaction has to be identified as fission, fission, radioactive decay or transmutation.

Concept introduction:

Type of nuclear reaction:

Fusion reaction:

Nuclear fission reaction is the reaction in which large nucleus splits into multiple lighter nuclei.  The sum of mass of the product nuclei is lighter than that of original nucleus.

Radioactive decay

Radioactive decay is the process in which a nucleus of the atom spontaneously disintegrated and gives radiation.  Thus radiation having one or more electrons, neutrons, alpha particle or electromagnetic radiation depending on the nucleus.

Fission reaction:

Fission reaction is heavy nucleus splits into smaller nuclei with releasing some amount of energy and neutrons.

Transmutation:

Transmutation is change of one atom to another atom by bombarding original nucleus of the atom with nuclear particle such as alpha particle.

Answer to Problem 20.26QP

$\text{n}\text{ +}\text{U}\stackrel{}{\to }\text{B}\text{a + }\text{K}\text{r + 3}\text{e}$

This reaction is found to be fission reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Given nuclear reaction is,

$\text{n}\text{ +}\text{U}\stackrel{}{\to }\text{B}\text{a + }\text{K}\text{r + 3}\text{e}$

This reaction is found to be fission reaction.  In this reaction Uranium-92 (heavy nucleus) splits into smaller nuclei with releasing some amount of energy and neutrons.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Each of the following reaction has to be identified as fission, fission, radioactive decay or transmutation.

Concept introduction:

Type of nuclear reaction:

Fusion reaction:

Nuclear fission reaction is the reaction in which large nucleus splits into multiple lighter nuclei.  The sum of mass of the product nuclei is lighter than that of original nucleus.

Radioactive decay:

Radioactive decay is the process in which a nucleus of the atom spontaneously disintegrated and gives radiation.  Thus radiation having one or more electrons, neutrons, alpha particle or electromagnetic radiation depending on the nucleus.

Fission reaction:

Fission reaction is heavy nucleus splits into smaller nuclei with releasing some amount of energy and neutrons.

Transmutation:

Transmutation is change of one atom to another atom by bombarding original nucleus of the atom with nuclear particle such as alpha particle.

Answer to Problem 20.26QP

$\text{N}\text{ +}\text{H}\text{e}\stackrel{}{\to }\text{O}\text{ + }\text{H}$

This reaction is found to be transmutation.

Explanation of Solution

Given nuclear reaction is,

$\text{N}\text{ +}\text{H}\text{e}\stackrel{}{\to }\text{O}\text{ + }\text{H}$

This reaction is found to be transmutation.

Transmutation is change of one atom to another atom by bombarding original nucleus of the atom with nuclear particle such as alpha particle.