Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134711751
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 20, Problem 14PS
Summary Introduction
To explain: The type of interaction that takes place between all the five wildflower species that are enclosed with fences to keep out kangaroo rats, most common herbivores in the area.
Concept introduction: The intra-specific interaction is a type of interaction between species. Dominating species survive and progressively increase in this type of interaction. When the members of same or different species start living in a particular habitat; they show some effects on each other, due to limited
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
An ecologist studying plants in the desert performed the following experiment. She staked out two identical plots, which included a few sagebrush plants and numerous small, annual wildflowers. She found the same five wildflower species in roughly equal numbers on both plots. She then enclosed one of the plots with a fence to keep out kangaroo rats, the most common grain-eaters of the area. After two years, to her surprise, four of the wildflower species were no longer present in the fenced plot, but one species had increased dramatically. The control plot had not changed. Using the principles of ecology, propose a hypothesis to explain her results. What additional evidence would support your hypothesis?
In another experiment, fishes were placed in separate aquarium tanks with water coming from three different waterways in Los Baños. Three tanks were filled with water from each source and equal number of fish were placed in each tank. The tanks were refilled as required with water from the original sources. Two plant species known to be bioremediators were tested and compared with a control (no plants). Three tanks were assigned to each of the plant species and the control. After three months, a sample of fish was taken from each tank and evaluated whether the fish contains heavy metals above the threshhold(1) and 0, otherwise. Which is the most appropriate procedure to compare the plant species and the control?
A. F-test B. t-test C. Cochran’s Q D. Friedman test
Ernie's school has three greenhouses, located in three parts of the school. Ernie notices that the plants in one
greenhouses are smaller than the same species in the other greenhouses. Ernie's biology teacher says she has
been having a problem recently with growing plants in this particular greenhouse. Ernie's lab group decides to
investigate factors such as light levels, temperature, and soil nutrients in the three greenhouses. They find that
these are the same for all the rooms. What additional factors would you suggest testing for, and how would
each of these factors affect the growth of plants?
20
Chapter 20 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (6th Edition)
Ch. 20 - Prob. 1SQCh. 20 - According to the concept of competitive exclusion,...Ch. 20 - Prob. 3SQCh. 20 - Prob. 4SQCh. 20 - Why are the top predators in food chains most...Ch. 20 - Over a period of many years, grass grows on a sand...Ch. 20 - Prob. 7SQCh. 20 - Local conditions, such as heavy rainfall or the...Ch. 20 - Prob. 9SQCh. 20 - Prob. 10SQ
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Doug Schemske is a biologist who studies plants from around the world. Doug and his research team carry out experiments with the plant species Mouse-ear Cress, or Arabidopsis thaliana. They like this species because it is easy to grow in both the lab and field. Arabidopsis is very small and lives for just one year. It grows across most of the globe and in a wide range of latitudes and climates. Arabidopsis is also able to pollinate itself and produce many seeds, making it possible for researchers to grow many individuals to use in their experiments. Doug chose Arabidopsis populations in Scandinavia and the Mediterranean for his research on local adaptation because those two locations have very different climates. The populations may have adapted to have the highest survival and reproduction based on the climate of their home location. To deal with sudden freezes and cold winters in Scandinavia, plants may have evolved freeze tolerance traits, which produces chemicals that act like…arrow_forwardWhich of these hypotheses does not explain why increased CO2 levels in the atmosphere could cause a decrease in the productivity of some crops because of changes in climate? A) There could be increases in average winter temperatures that reduce the growth of crops. B) There could be decreases in precipitation in some regions that reduce growth in some crops. C) There could be shifts in the ranges of some important species in the community, such as pollinators, that cause reduction of growth in some crops.arrow_forwardDuring the past 15 years, white-tailed deer populations in Canada have significantly affected woody plants in forest ecosystems. (a) To estimate white-tailed deer populations in four tracts of the Carolinian forest in southern Ontario, 185 white-tailed deer were captured and tagged with bands. After three weeks, 147 deer were recaptured and 26 had bands. Estimate the population size and show your calculations. (b) To further understand the impact of the deer populations on the woody plants, you decide to study the number of birch trees in an area 100 ha x 100 ha. Using a quadrate measuring 2 ha x 2 ha, you obtain the following results from four random counts: 16, 32, 27, and 11. Calculate the average population density and estimate the total population size of birch trees in the area. (c) Justify the decision to use the mark-recapture method for estimating the deer population size and the quadrat sampling method for the birch tree population.arrow_forward
- I need a completed table by calculating the missing percentages and a constructed line graph for the ash and elm leaves.arrow_forwardIntraspecific competition is a competition between members of the same species and is commonly observed in crop plants. Table 6.2 shows the results of a greenhouse experiment which examined the effects of density on the germination and growth of barley. Plants were grown for two weeks in 10- cm diameter pots kept in identical environmental conditions and watered regularly. At the end of the experiment the plants were cropped by cutting the stems at the soil surface. Based from the given table and graph, discuss the data and the relationship of the two factors (Mean wet biomass of plants (g) and Number of plants that germinated). Then, what is the effect of density to the Mean wet biomass of plants?arrow_forwardIn a survey of a stream bank in northeastern Ontario, a local naturalist group found that 20% of the plant cover was made up of purple loosetrife. Briefly describe two possible reasons for the presence of this invasive species on the stream bankarrow_forward
- In 1929, 13 white-tailed deer were introduced to an isolated island with no natural predators. A survey was conducted once a year to estimate the population of deer on the island. The table shows the deer population over the first five years on the island. The deer fed on many of the native plants found on the island, including the California false indigo, a thornless shrub that is a preferred food source on the island for deer. Based on the data, which of the following graphs correctly predicts the population of California false indigo from 1929 to 1941? Year of Survey Population of Deer 1929 13 1932 29 1935 66 1938 157 1941 398 image 1 because the California false indigo will be able to reproduce faster than it can be consumed by the deer and will be unaffected by the deer population, maintaining its current population image 2 because the increasing number of deer will help spread seeds of the plant and lead to a rise in…arrow_forwardIntraspecific competition is a competition between members of the same species and is commonly observed in crop plants. Table 6.2 shows the results of a greenhouse experiment which examined the effects of density on the germination and growth of barley. Plants were grown for two weeks in 10- cm diameter pots kept in identical environmental conditions and watered regularly. At the end of the experiment the plants were cropped by cutting the stems at the soil surface. In the given context, can you explain thoroughly the meaning of plant density that this passage is talking about?arrow_forwardAs a rule of thumb, foresters (and other biologists) should strive to sample at least 30 points or plots in a stand. WHY?arrow_forward
- You've been out in the field collecting data on the predation of holly leaves. You collect 200 leaves in total of which 100 leaves contain one mine, 20 leaves contain 2 mines and 30 leaves contain 3 mines. After close examination with your hand lens and dissecting microscope you categorize a total of 15 mines with round holes, 9 mines that were torn open and 27 mines with an irregular hole. After some basic analyses you conclude that the predation rates by blue tits and wasps are: A. 3.7% and 6.5% B. 6% and 10% C. 10% and 6% D. 4% and 6.5%arrow_forwardBeige and black rabbits were introduced into two meadows. One meadow predominantly consists of volcanic soil and the other predominantly consists of clay soil. Each rabbit was marked with a dot of blue paint and the pad of his foot. The number of rabbits released and recaptured one month later are shown in the table below. Assume the number of rabbits recaptured is a direct reflection of the number of rabbits surviving. Using the data below, what conclusions can you make regarding the color of rabbits and their survival in different soil types? VOLCANIC SOIL # released #recaptures % precentage beige rabbits 137 18 13.1% black rabbits 447 123 27.5% CLAY SOIL # released # recaptures % precentage beige rabbits 393 54 13.1% black rabbits 406 19 4.7%arrow_forwardThe grassland ecosystem of Montana is being studied for its resilience as the population of its keystone species, the prairie dog, has declined in recent years. Four plots are established, two that still contain populations of prairie dogs and two that no longer have prairie dogs due to outbreaks of plague. A survey is done measuring the total number of producers (number of plants) and the diversity of producers (number of species) of each plot. The data are summarized in the table. Plot Total Number of Plants Total Number of Species Presence of Keystone Species 1 142 16 Yes 2 29 6 No 3 258 19 No 4 96 4 Yes Based on this data, which of the following correctly describes how the total number of plant and plant species will change over time in these plots? Plots 2 and 3 will show equal decline in plant and plant species due to the lack of a keystone species. Plots 1 and 4 will show a decline in plant and plant species due to an…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Genetic Variation and Mutation | 9-1 GCSE Science Biology | OCR, AQA, Edexcel; Author: SnapRevise;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bLP8udGGfHU;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY