Foundations of Astronomy
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781305079151
Author: Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 20, Problem 13RQ
To determine
Order the increasing order of density.
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HEIGHT OF A CONTINENT ABOVE THE MANTLE. In the figure below, a
simple model considers a continent as a block (density = 2,800 kg/m^3)
floating in the mantle (density = 3,300 kg/m3). Assuming the continent is
35 km thick (the average thickness of the Earth's crust), estimate the
height (in km) of the continent above the surrounding mantle.
Continent
(density = 2800 kg/m3)
mg
Mantle rock (density = 3300 kg/m³)
5.3.
7.4.
9.8
12.
17.
Earth's mass ia 6x10^24 kg and its radius is 6.4x10^6 m.
What is the average mass density of Earth?
The density of the rocks compromising Earth's outermost layer (its "crust") ranges from 2000 to 3500 kg/m ^3.
Based on your answer, what can you conclude about the material deep inside Earth's interior?
Grinnell Glacier is a glacier within Glacier National Park. In 1850, the area of the Grinnell Glacier was 2,329,918 square miles. By 1950, its mass had dropped to 1,336,855 square miles. How much area has been lost by the glacier between 1850 to 1950, measured in square kilometers?
Chapter 20 Solutions
Foundations of Astronomy
Ch. 20 - Why would you include the Moon in a comparison of...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2RQCh. 20 - Which is the most geologically active Terrestrial...Ch. 20 - In what ways is Earth unique among the Terrestrial...Ch. 20 - Which Terrestrial worlds have thin or no...Ch. 20 - Describe the four stages of Terrestrial planet...Ch. 20 - The Moon did not pass through all of the four...Ch. 20 - Earth shows few craters on its surface. What is...Ch. 20 - How do you know that Earth is differentiated?Ch. 20 - What keeps Earths interior warm today?
Ch. 20 - Lava flows today are examples of basin flooding....Ch. 20 - Describe three forms of erosion that cause slow...Ch. 20 - Prob. 13RQCh. 20 - Which type of seismic wave cannot pass through...Ch. 20 - Prob. 15RQCh. 20 - Which of the five Terrestrial worlds have bow...Ch. 20 - How is the root cause of earthquakes in Hawaii...Ch. 20 - What characteristics must Earths core have to...Ch. 20 - Which of the five Terrestrial worlds have plate...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20RQCh. 20 - How do island chains located in the centers of...Ch. 20 - What evidence can you give that the Atlantic Ocean...Ch. 20 - How are the inferred properties of Earths original...Ch. 20 - Prob. 24RQCh. 20 - Prob. 25RQCh. 20 - Life on Earth exists because of oxygen in Earths...Ch. 20 - Prob. 27RQCh. 20 - Prob. 28RQCh. 20 - Prob. 29RQCh. 20 - Prob. 30RQCh. 20 - Prob. 31RQCh. 20 - Prob. 32RQCh. 20 - Why would a decrease in the density of the ozone...Ch. 20 - How Do We Know? How can the flow of energy out of...Ch. 20 - Prob. 35RQCh. 20 - Prob. 1DQCh. 20 - Prob. 2DQCh. 20 - Prob. 3DQCh. 20 - Prob. 4DQCh. 20 - Prob. 5DQCh. 20 - Prob. 6DQCh. 20 - Look at Figure 19-3. The earthquake occurred 7440...Ch. 20 - Look at Figure 19-3. The lag time is the...Ch. 20 - What percentage of Earths volume is the metallic...Ch. 20 - How many magnetic pole reversals has Earth endured...Ch. 20 - If the Atlantic seafloor is spreading at 3.0...Ch. 20 - The Hawaiian-Emperor chain of undersea volcanoes...Ch. 20 - From Hawaii to the bend in the Hawaiian-Emperor...Ch. 20 - Prob. 9PCh. 20 - Prob. 1LTLCh. 20 - Look at the hemispheres of Earth shown on the two...Ch. 20 - Prob. 3LTLCh. 20 - Look at Figure 19-9. Rising from Earths surface to...Ch. 20 - Prob. 5LTLCh. 20 - What do you see in this photo that suggests heat...
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- Approximately what percentage of Earth’s radius is represented by the crust?arrow_forwardWith the information from Exercise 8.25, you can calculate the average age of the ocean floor. First, find the total area of the ocean floor (equal to about 60% of the surface area of Earth). Then compare this with the area created (or destroyed) each year. The average lifetime is the ratio of these numbers: the total area of ocean crust compared to the amount created (or destroyed) each year.arrow_forwardExplain briefly how the following phenomena happen on Earth, relating your answers to the theory of plate tectonics A. earthquakes B. continental drift C. mountain building D. volcanic eruptions E. creation of the Hawaiian island chainarrow_forward
- Describe three forms of erosion that cause slow evolution of Earths surface.arrow_forwardOver the entire Earth, there are 60,000 km of active rift zones, with average separation rates of 5 m/ century. How much area of new ocean crust is created each year over the entire planet? (This area is approximately equal to the amount of ocean crust that is subducted since the total area of the oceans remains about the same.)arrow_forwardDescribe an accurate method to measure the absolute motions of individual tectonic plates.arrow_forward
- The Richter scale describes how much energy an earthquake releases. With every increase of 1.0 on the scale, 32 times more energy is released. How many times more energy would be released by a quake measuring 2.0 more units on the Richter scale?arrow_forwardearthquake intensity measured by I = Io x 10^m, Io is reference intensity and M is magnitude. An earthquake measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale is 125 times less intense than the second earthquake. What would the Richter scale measure be for the second earthquake?arrow_forwardAntarctica is roughly semicircular in shape, with a radius of 2000 km. The average thickness of the ice cover is 3000 m. How many metric tons (1metric ton = 1000 kg) of ice cover Antarctica? (Consider: density of ice = 0.919 gram per cubic centimeter)arrow_forward
- The Lithosphere is made of the two types of crust, denser oceanic crust and thicker conteniental crust, plus the upper rigid part of the mantle. The Lithosphere float on the semi-liquid Asthenosphere. The Asthenosphere moves through a process known as convection. The convection form currents moving hotter less dense mantle toward the surface where it cools becomes denser and sinks. Another name for the asthenosphere is the ?arrow_forwardState the dynamic processes of rock formation and deformation, volcanism, and earthquakes within the framework of Plate Tectonic Theoryarrow_forwardThe average density of Earth is about 5.5 g/ cm? Considering that the densities of the surface rocks are much less than the average, what does this suggest about the density of Earth's interior?arrow_forward
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