Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781133104261
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 20, Problem 12P
To determine
The smallest distance between the alpha particle and the nucleus before the alpha particle reverses direction.
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A hydrogen atom when in its lowest energy state consists of a proton nucleus of charge +e (remember that +e = 1.6 x 10-19 C) and an electron of charge -e and mass of
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Chapter 20 Solutions
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Ch. 20.1 - In Figure 20. 1, two points and are located...Ch. 20.2 - The labeled points in Figure 20.4 are on a series...Ch. 20.3 - A spherical balloon contains a positively charged...Ch. 20.3 - In Active Figure 20.8a, take q1 to be a negative...Ch. 20.4 - In a certain region of space, the electric...Ch. 20.7 - A capacitor stores charge Q at a potential...Ch. 20.8 - Prob. 20.7QQCh. 20.9 - Prob. 20.8QQCh. 20.10 - If you have ever tried to hang a picture or a...Ch. 20 - A parallel-plate capacitor is charged and then is...
Ch. 20 - Prob. 2OQCh. 20 - A proton is released from rest at the origin in a...Ch. 20 - By what factor is the capacitance of a metal...Ch. 20 - Prob. 5OQCh. 20 - Rank the potential energies of the four systems of...Ch. 20 - Prob. 7OQCh. 20 - In a certain region of space, a uniform electric...Ch. 20 - Prob. 9OQCh. 20 - Prob. 10OQCh. 20 - Prob. 11OQCh. 20 - A parallel-plate capacitor is connected to a...Ch. 20 - Rank the electric potential energies of the...Ch. 20 - Four particles are positioned on the rim of a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 15OQCh. 20 - A filament running along the x axis from the...Ch. 20 - An electronics technician wishes to construct a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 18OQCh. 20 - Prob. 19OQCh. 20 - A parallel-plate capacitor filled with air carries...Ch. 20 - Prob. 21OQCh. 20 - Prob. 1CQCh. 20 - Prob. 2CQCh. 20 - Prob. 3CQCh. 20 - Prob. 4CQCh. 20 - Prob. 5CQCh. 20 - Prob. 6CQCh. 20 - Prob. 7CQCh. 20 - Prob. 8CQCh. 20 - Why is it dangerous to touch the terminals of a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 10CQCh. 20 - Prob. 11CQCh. 20 - Prob. 12CQCh. 20 - A uniform electric field of magnitude 325 V/m is...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2PCh. 20 - Calculate the speed of a proton that is...Ch. 20 - Prob. 4PCh. 20 - An electron moving parallel to the x axis has an...Ch. 20 - (a) Find the potential at a distance of 1.00 cm...Ch. 20 - Prob. 8PCh. 20 - Given two particles with 2.00-C charges as shown...Ch. 20 - Three particles with equal positive charges q are...Ch. 20 - The three charged particles in Figure P20.11 are...Ch. 20 - Prob. 12PCh. 20 - Prob. 13PCh. 20 - Review. A light, unstressed spring has length d....Ch. 20 - Review. Two insulating spheres have radii 0.300 cm...Ch. 20 - Review. Two insulating spheres have radii r1 and...Ch. 20 - Two particles each with charge +2.00 C are located...Ch. 20 - Prob. 18PCh. 20 - Two particles, with charges of 20.0 nC and 20.0...Ch. 20 - At a certain distance from a charged particle, the...Ch. 20 - A particle with charge +q is at the origin. A...Ch. 20 - Prob. 22PCh. 20 - Prob. 23PCh. 20 - Prob. 24PCh. 20 - Prob. 25PCh. 20 - A rod of length L (Fig. P20.26) lies along the x...Ch. 20 - For the arrangement described in Problem 26,...Ch. 20 - A wire having a uniform linear charge density is...Ch. 20 - A uniformly charged insulating rod of length 14.0...Ch. 20 - How many electrons should be removed from an...Ch. 20 - Prob. 31PCh. 20 - Prob. 32PCh. 20 - (a) How much charge is on each plate of a 4.00-F...Ch. 20 - Two conductors having net charges of +10.0 C and...Ch. 20 - Prob. 35PCh. 20 - A spherical capacitor consists of a spherical...Ch. 20 - Prob. 37PCh. 20 - A variable air capacitor used in a radio tuning...Ch. 20 - Prob. 39PCh. 20 - Prob. 40PCh. 20 - (a) Regarding the Earth and a cloud layer 800 m...Ch. 20 - Prob. 42PCh. 20 - Prob. 43PCh. 20 - (a) Find the equivalent capacitance between points...Ch. 20 - Four capacitors are connected as shown in Figure...Ch. 20 - Prob. 46PCh. 20 - According to its design specification, the timer...Ch. 20 - Prob. 48PCh. 20 - Prob. 49PCh. 20 - Three capacitors are connected to a battery as...Ch. 20 - Find the equivalent capacitance between points a...Ch. 20 - Consider the circuit shown in Figure P20.52, where...Ch. 20 - Prob. 53PCh. 20 - A parallel-plate capacitor has a charge Q and...Ch. 20 - Prob. 55PCh. 20 - Prob. 56PCh. 20 - Prob. 57PCh. 20 - Prob. 58PCh. 20 - Prob. 59PCh. 20 - Prob. 60PCh. 20 - A uniform electric field E = 3 000 V/m exists...Ch. 20 - Prob. 62PCh. 20 - Prob. 63PCh. 20 - Prob. 64PCh. 20 - Prob. 65PCh. 20 - A parallel-plate capacitor in air has a plate...Ch. 20 - Lightning can be studied with a Van de Graaff...Ch. 20 - Prob. 68PCh. 20 - Prob. 69PCh. 20 - Prob. 70PCh. 20 - Prob. 71PCh. 20 - Prob. 72PCh. 20 - Prob. 73PCh. 20 - Prob. 74PCh. 20 - Prob. 75PCh. 20 - Prob. 76PCh. 20 - Prob. 77PCh. 20 - Prob. 78PCh. 20 - Prob. 79PCh. 20 - Prob. 80PCh. 20 - Prob. 81PCh. 20 - Prob. 82PCh. 20 - A 10.0-F capacitor is charged to 15.0 V. It is...Ch. 20 - Two large, parallel metal plates, each of area A,...Ch. 20 - A capacitor is constructed from two square,...Ch. 20 - Two square plates of sides are placed parallel to...Ch. 20 - Determine the equivalent capacitance of the...
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- An unknown particle is measured to have a negative charge and a speed of 2.24 x 108 m/s. Its momentum is determined to be 3.07 × 10-22 kg-m/s. Identify the particle by finding its mass.arrow_forwardCalculate the speed (in m/s) of an electron and a proton with a kinetic energy of 1.15 electron volt (eV). (The electron and proton masses are me = 9.11 ✕ 10−31 kg and mp = 1.67 ✕ 10−27 kg. Boltzmann's constant is kB = 1.38 ✕ 10−23 J/K.) (a) an electron m/s (b) a proton m/s (c) Calculate the average translational kinetic energy in eV of a 3.09 ✕ 102 K ideal gas particle. (Recall from Topic 10 that 1 2 mv2 = 3 2 kBT.) eVarrow_forwardThe mass of an electron is 9.11 x 10 ^-31 kg. The mass of a proton is 1.67 x 10 ^-27 kg. They are about 5.3×10^ −11 m apart in a hydrogen atom. What is the gravitational force between these two particles in the hydrogenatom?arrow_forward
- Consider an electron, of charge magnitude e = 1.602 × 10-1⁹ C and mass m₂ = 9.11 × 10-31 kg, moving in an electric field with an electric field magnitude E = 4 x 10² N/C, similar to what Thana observed in the simulation. Let the length of the plates be L = 50 cm, and the distance between them be d = 20 cm. Find the maximum speed, v, the electron could be moving if it enters the space halfway between and parallel to the two plates to just barely strike one of the plates. m/s If the field is pointing upward, which plate will Thana conclude the electron strikes at this speed? O The upper plate, because the electron charge magnitude is positive. O The upper plate, because we are only considering the magnitude of the electron charge, and magnitudes are always positive. O The lower plate, because the electron is attracted to the negative plate. O The lower plate, because the electron is negatively charged.arrow_forwardElectron capture is a variant on beta-radiation. The lightest nucleus to decay by electron capture is 7Be -- beryllium-7. The daughter nucleus is 7Li -- lithium-7. The electron is transformed into a massless particle (a neutrino): e − + 7 B e + ⟶ 7 L i + ν The initial electron is bound in the atom, so the beryllium mass includes the electron. In fact, since the electron starts bound in the atom, a more-accurate statement of the nuclear reaction is probably: 7 B e ⟶ 7 L i + ν The masses are beryllium: 7.016929 u, and lithium: 7.016003 u, and refer to the neutral atom as a whole. (Use uc and uc2 as your momentum and energy units -- but carry them along in your calculation.) The initial beryllium atom is stationary. Calculate the speed of the final lithium nucleus in km/s. (You will make life much easier for yourself if you recognize that practically all the energy released goes into the lighter particle. c = 300,000 km/s)arrow_forwardElectron capture is a variant on beta-radiation. The lightest nucleus to decay by electron capture is 7Be -- beryllium-7. The daughter nucleus is 7Li -- lithium-7. The electron is transformed into a massless particle (a neutrino): e − + 7 B e + ⟶ 7 L i + ν The initial electron is bound in the atom, so the beryllium mass includes the electron. In fact, since the electron starts bound in the atom, a more-accurate statement of the nuclear reaction is probably: 7 B e ⟶ 7 L i + ν The masses are beryllium: 7.016929 u, and lithium: 7.016003 u, and refer to the neutral atom as a whole. (Use uc and uc2 as your momentum and energy units -- but carry them along in your calculation.) The initial beryllium atom is stationary. Calculate the speed of the final lithium nucleus in km/s. (all the energy released goes into the lighter particle. c = 300,000 km/s)arrow_forward
- A linear particle accelerator using beta particles collides electrons with their anti-matter counterparts, positrons. The accelerated electron hits the stationary positron with a velocity of 19 x 106 m/s, causing the two particles to annihilate.If two gamma photons are created as a result, calculate the energy of each of these two photons, giving your answer in MeV (mega electron volts), accurate to 1 decimal place. Take the mass of the electron to be 5.486 x 10-4 u, or 9.109 x 10-31 kg.Note: Assume that the kinetic energy is also converted into the gamma rays, and is included in the two photons.arrow_forwardHelpful information: (1) An alpha particle is a helium nucleus, (2) e = 1.6 × 10-¹⁹ C, (3) k₂ = 9.0 × 10⁹ Nm² C-2, (4) 1nm = 1 × 10-⁹ m 1-An alpha particle lies on the x-axis, a distance of 1.0 nanometer from a proton (in this set-up, the alpha particle is at the origin while the proton is in the positive direction). Which of the following choices below represents the magnitude of the electric force on the alpha particle? (a) 2.3 × 10-10 N (b) 4.6 × 10-10 N (c) 2.3 x 10-19 N (d) 4.6 x 10-19 N cing the voltage so following insta choices below at a time! 1.00 s?arrow_forwardwhere 1 eV = 1.602 × 10-19 J. Express the neutron’s kinetic energy in electron volts. b) In nuclear physics, it is convenient to express the energy of particles in electron volts (eV), 2) A neutron with a mass of 1.7 × 10-27 kg passes between two points in a detector 6 m apart in a time interval of 1.8 x 10-4 s. In the tendon at this pon a) Find the kinetic energy of the neutron in joulesarrow_forward
- The nucleus of an atom consists of protons and neutrons (no electrons). A nucleus of a carbon-12 isotope contains six protons and six neutrons, while a nitrogen-14 nucleus comprises seven protons and seven neutrons. A graduate student performs a nuclear physics experiment in which she bombards nitrogen-14 nuclei with very high speed carbon-12 nuclei emerging from a particle accelerator. As a result of each such collision, the two nuclei disintegrate completely, and a mix of different particles are emitted, including electrons, protons, antiprotons (with electric charge -e each), positrons (with charge +e each), and various neutral particles (including neutrons and neutrinos). For a particular collision, she detects the emitted products and find 17 protons, 4 antiprotons, 7 positrons, and 21 neutral particles. How many electrons are also emitted?arrow_forwardand F represents gravitational and electrostatic force respectively between electrons situated at a distance 10 cm. The ratio of F/F is of the order of e (a) 1042 (c) 1024 (b) 10-²1 F g (d) 10-43 KALarrow_forwardThe gravitational force between two masses m and m2 located a distance r apart has a magnitude of FG =Gmm2, where G = 6.674×10 N ⋅ m2/kg2; this has a nearly identical form to the Coulomb force law between two charges (except the force constants are different and masses are always positive). Suppose two identical spherical masses with radius a = 30 μm and mass density ρm = 2.2 × 103 kg/m3 are located a distance L apart. If they are released rest, their gravitational attraction will cause them to eventually collide. If, however, each mass has the same charge, then a Coulomb force will oppose the gravitation force. Suppose each mass has an excess of n extra electrons that causes both to be negatively charged. Find the minimum number n that would prevent the masses from colliding.arrow_forward
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