EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS
2nd Edition
ISBN: 8220101459299
Author: Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20, Problem 10TYU
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The use of genetic information in the reconstruction of phylogenies that extend hundreds of millions of years back in time.
Introduction:
Phylogeny is the evolution of a genetically related group of species. It is a study that involves the evolutionary relationship among species or population using fossil records (genes, proteins, and organs) that used to find the common ancestor. Comparisons of a species or gene sequences in a phylogenetic context can provide the information that extent hundreds of millions of years back in time.
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a. Phylogenetic relationships based on chloroplast genes
Brown algae
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b. Phylogenetic relationships based on nuclear genes
Opisthokonts
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Green algae
(including land plants)
Cryptophyte algae
140000
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Chloroplast genes relate brown
algae, diatoms, most dinoflagellates,
and cryptophyte algae to red algae,
which is different from the
relationships based on nuclear
genes shown in part b.
-Excavates
Chloroplast genes relate euglenids
and chlorarachniophyte algae to
green algae, which is different from
the relationships based on nuclear
genes shown in part b.
Chloroplasts form a monophyletic
group nested within cyanobacteria,
providing strong evidence for the…
Identify the outgroup from the phylogenetic trees and box/mark the whole lineage in red.
Identify the most recent common ancestor for species A and B and mark it in blue. Identify the
most recent common ancestor for species C and D and mark it in green.
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Define homology and homoplasy and explain their connection to the concept of parsimony in phylogenetic analysis. Provide an example of each and discuss the challenges they may present when inferring evolutionary relationships.
Chapter 20 Solutions
EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS
Ch. 20.1 - Which levels of the classification in Figure 20.3...Ch. 20.1 - Which of the trees shown here depicts an...Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 20.2 - Decide whether each of the following pairs of...Ch. 20.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose that two species, A and B, have...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 20.3 - The most parsimonious tree of evolutionary...Ch. 20.3 - WHAT IF? Draw a phylogenetic tree that includes...Ch. 20.4 - What is a molecular clock? What assumption...Ch. 20.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review Concept 14.5. Then...
Ch. 20.4 - WHAT IF? Suppose a molecular clock dates the...Ch. 20.5 - Why is the kingdom Monera no longer considered a...Ch. 20.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 20.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 20 - In a comparison of birds and mammals, the...Ch. 20 - To apply parsimony to constructing a phylogenetic...Ch. 20 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 20 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 20 - If you were using cladistics to build a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 20 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY DRAW IT (a) Draw a phylogenetic...Ch. 20 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Darwin suggested looking at a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 20 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This West Indian manatee...
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- Which of the following best explains why coalescent-based phylogenetic inference is important in the age of phylogenomics? A) Coalescent-based methods directly model gene tree histories independently to infer the species tree in a summary-based manner, which is important for phylogenomic analysis were hundreds to thousands of gene histories are analyzed. B) Coalescent-based methods have the most advanced evolutionary models of molecular evolution, which is important for phylogenomic analysis were hundreds to thousands of gene histories are analyzed. C) Coalescent-based methods are no more important than other types of phylogenetic inference, even for phylogenomic analyses. D) None of the above.arrow_forwardplease give answer asap explain pleasearrow_forwardStudy the diagrams below. The diagrams represent four possible phylogenetic trees showing the relationship between the four species: M, L, S, and R. B A M LS R M LR +d \t R SML RM S tota -444 What is the plausible explanation for the appearance of autapomorphic character c in species L and S of tree A although they do not share a most recent common ancestor?arrow_forward
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