Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134042435
Author: Michael D. Johnson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20, Problem 10TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The transfer of pieces of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) from one organism into another is made possible through recombinant DNA technology. In this process, specific genes are inserted into the bacteria so that it can be induced to produce useful proteins. It requires specialized tools and components, which includes restriction enzymes, DNA ligases, plasmids, and bacteria.
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Describe how restriction enzymes like EcoR1 are used to create recombinant plasmids and what the process is for using these plasmids to replicate a piece of target DNA. Include information about how to create sticky ends, the makeup of the bacterial plasmid and how to tell if the gene was successfully inserted in the plasmid and if the plasmid has been transformed by the bacteria. You may use a drawing to enhance your description.
In E.coli, the following enzymes do NOT synthesize the RNA primer for Okazaki fragments?
A.DnaA
B. DnaC
C.DnaG
D.None of the above
What is the enzymatic function of restriction enzymes?
Group of answer choices
a. to cut nucleic acids at specific sites
b. to join nucleotides during transcription
c. to add new nucleotides to the growing strand of DNA
d. to repair breaks in sugar - phosphate backbones
Chapter 20 Solutions
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
Ch. 20 - Prob. 1QCCh. 20 - GM foods are created for a variety of reasons,...Ch. 20 - Should foods that contain genetically modified...Ch. 20 - Explain how DNA is sequenced.Ch. 20 -
2. Describe the enzymes used in recombinant DNA...Ch. 20 - Prob. 3CRCh. 20 - Discuss the polymerase chain reaction technique,...Ch. 20 - Prob. 5CRCh. 20 - Prob. 6CRCh. 20 - Prob. 7CR
Ch. 20 - Prob. 8CRCh. 20 - Prob. 9CRCh. 20 -
10. List the diseases that gene therapy may be...Ch. 20 - Prob. 1TYCh. 20 - Prob. 2TYCh. 20 - Which of the following is used to separate...Ch. 20 - Genetically engineered human insulin, human growth...Ch. 20 - Prob. 5TYCh. 20 - All of the following statements about transgenic...Ch. 20 -
7. "Gene pharming” refers to:
a. using transgenic...Ch. 20 - Prob. 8TYCh. 20 - Prob. 9TYCh. 20 - Prob. 10TYCh. 20 - Which of the following is needed for sequencing...Ch. 20 - A tiny amount of blood was recovered from a crime...Ch. 20 - Which technique will allow amplification of the...Ch. 20 - A gene for a bacterial protein with insecticide...Ch. 20 - Prob. 15TYCh. 20 -
1. What do you think are the chances that someone...Ch. 20 - Imagine a future in which the respiratory effects...Ch. 20 - Prob. 3AWKCh. 20 - Prob. 4AWKCh. 20 - Prob. 5AWKCh. 20 - There is interest in producing vaccines in foods....Ch. 20 - Transgenic plants have the potential to improve...
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- Which of the following is defined as transformation? A. Transfer of genetic information via a plasmid B. Virus infects a host and deposits genetic material C. Free floating DNA is uptaken D. Transfer of genetic information from one bacterium to another 5.arrow_forwardWhat carries a gene from one organism into a bacteria cell? a. a plasmid b. an electrophoresis gel c. a restriction enzyme d. polymerase chain reactionarrow_forwardResearchers are designing several experiments to test the ability of Salmonella bacteria to develop antibiotic resistance. A culture of Salmonella bacteria is exposed to the same concentrations (200 mg/L) of an antibiotic for four days. The table shows the number of isolated resistant bacteria over a four-day period. Which of the following statements best explains these results? A - The bacteria were not affected by the antibiotic. B - After being exposed to the antibiotic, the bacteria altered their DNA. C - A new species of bacteria emerged after the antibiotics were introduced. D - Random mutations led some bacteria to be resistant and, over time, they increased in the population.arrow_forward
- Which enzyme is responsible for proofreading nucleotides during DNA replication? a nuclease b exonuclease c ligase d polymerasearrow_forwardWhich of the following one is liable for the conversion of covalently closed circular DNA to super coiled DNA of the plasmid? a.Exonuclease b. DNA Gyras c. Endonuclease d. Topoisomerasearrow_forwardResearchers can isolate a sample of cells, such as skin fibroblasts, and grow them in the laboratory. This procedure is called a cell culture. A cell culture can be exposed to a sample of DNA. If the cells are treated with agents that make their membranes permeable to DNA, the cells may take up the DNA and incorporate it into their chromosomes. This process is called transformation or transfection. Scientists have transformed human skin fibroblasts with methylated DNA and then allowed the fibroblasts to divide for several cellular generations. The DNA in the daughter cells was then isolated, and the segment that corresponded to the transformed DNA was examined. This DNA segment in the daughter cells was also found to be methylated. However, if the original skin fibroblasts were transformed with unmethylated DNA, the DNA found in the daughter cells was also unmethylated. With regard to the transformed DNA, do fibroblasts perform de novo methylation, maintenance methylation, or both?…arrow_forward
- Which of the following molecules helps relieve the tension of unwinding parental DNA strands, by breaking DNA and rejoining it before it is replicated? a. Primase b. Single-stranded binding proteins c. Helicase d. Topoisomerasearrow_forwardWhich enzyme is responsible for unwinding and separating the parental DNA strands? a polymerase b primase c topoisomerase d helicasearrow_forwardWhich of the following describes an advantage of using a recombinant plasmid for DNA cloning over PCR? A. PCR is more likely to have errors introduced in the copying process. B. Recombinant DNA plasmids are able to create large amounts of copies more quickly than PCR. C. PCR can only be conducted in eukaryotic cells. D. PCR requires prior knowledge of the sequence in question, while a recombinant plasmid does not.arrow_forward
- _1. Bacterial proteins that have the ability to cut both strands of the DNA molecule at certain points 2. Contain foreign DNA 3. Is made by connecting segments of DNA from different sources _ 4. General term for a carrier used to transfer a foreign DNA fragment into a host cell 5. A small ring of DŇA found in a bacterial cell 6. The procedure for cleaving DNA from an organism into small segments, and inserting the f. genetic engineering or segments into another organism a. recombinant DNA b. vector c. restriction enzymes d. plasmid e. transgenic organisms recombinant DNA technologyarrow_forwardPlasmids are circular extrachromosomal DNA in bacteria that play a role in: d. degradation of viruses a. growth of bacteria b. pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance c. production of antibodiesarrow_forwardPlasmids are important in biotechnology because they are Group of answer choices a. a vehicle for the insertion of foreign genes into bacteria b. recognition sites on recombinant DNA strands c. surfaces for protein synthesis in eukaryotic recombinants d. viruses incorporated into the host DNAarrow_forward
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