(a) To calculate: The change of standard free energy for the given reaction. Introduction: Two components that are closely related forms the Oxidative phosphorylation and they are chemiosmosis and electron transport chain. The electrons are transferred from one molecule to another molecules and the energy that is produced in this transfer is used in the formation of gradient that is electrochemical .

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 10P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To calculate:

The change of standard free energy for the given reaction.

Introduction:

Two components that are closely related forms the Oxidative phosphorylation and they are chemiosmosis and electron transport chain. The electrons are transferred from one molecule to another molecules and the energy that is produced in this transfer is used in the formation of gradient that is electrochemical.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The electron acceptor is O2 and the electron donor is NADH that is determined from the half reactions:

NAD++2H++2e−→NADH+H+(E0'=−0.320V)

12O2+2H++2e−→H2O,(E0'=+0.816V)

The free change of energy for the reaction is calculated by determining the change of the standard potential,

ΔE0'=acceptorΔE0'−donorΔE0'

=+0.816 V−(−0.320 V)=+1.136 V

ΔG0'=−nFΔE0'n=2F=96,485 kJ/Vmol

=−2(96.485 kJ/V.mol)(1.136 V)=−219.2 kJ/mol

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To calculate:

The equilibrium constant of the reaction.

Introduction:

Two components that are closely related forms the Oxidative phosphorylation and they are chemiosmosis and electron transport chain. The electrons are transferred from one molecule to another molecules and the energy that is produced in this transfer is used in the formation of gradient that is electrochemical.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

ΔG0'=−RTlnKeqKeq=e −ΔG RT

=e −(−219.2) (8.314× 10 −3 )(298)=2.65×1038

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To determine:

The release of the actual free energy accompanying the coenzyme Q reductase of NADH is equal to releasing amount under the normal condition

Introduction:

Two components that are closely related forms the Oxidative phosphorylation and they are chemiosmosis and electron transport chain. The electrons are transferred from one molecule to another molecules and the energy that is produced in this transfer is used in the formation of gradient that is electrochemical.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

From the given we have,

G=−219.2kJ/mol for 3 ATP

So with 75 % efficiency,

−219.2 kJ/mol×0.75=−164.4 kJ/mol

For 1 ATP,

54.8 kJ/mol

With the equation,

ΔG=ΔG0+RTln(ATP)(ADP)(Pi)

(ATP)(ADP)=(Pi)×eΔG−ΔG 0'RT

=(2 mM)×e (54.8−30.5) (8.314× 10 −3 )(298)=36.4

The ratio of ATP and ADP maximum for the phosphorylation oxidative occurring at Pi =2 mM is 36.4.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 10P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To calculate:

The change of standard free energy for the given reaction.

Introduction:

Two components that are closely related forms the Oxidative phosphorylation and they are chemiosmosis and electron transport chain. The electrons are transferred from one molecule to another molecules and the energy that is produced in this transfer is used in the formation of gradient that is electrochemical.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The electron acceptor is O2 and the electron donor is NADH that is determined from the half reactions:

NAD++2H++2e−→NADH+H+(E0'=−0.320V)

12O2+2H++2e−→H2O,(E0'=+0.816V)

The free change of energy for the reaction is calculated by determining the change of the standard potential,

ΔE0'=acceptorΔE0'−donorΔE0'

=+0.816 V−(−0.320 V)=+1.136 V

ΔG0'=−nFΔE0'n=2F=96,485 kJ/Vmol

=−2(96.485 kJ/V.mol)(1.136 V)=−219.2 kJ/mol

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To calculate:

The equilibrium constant of the reaction.

Introduction:

Two components that are closely related forms the Oxidative phosphorylation and they are chemiosmosis and electron transport chain. The electrons are transferred from one molecule to another molecules and the energy that is produced in this transfer is used in the formation of gradient that is electrochemical.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

ΔG0'=−RTlnKeqKeq=e −ΔG RT

=e −(−219.2) (8.314× 10 −3 )(298)=2.65×1038

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To determine:

The release of the actual free energy accompanying the coenzyme Q reductase of NADH is equal to releasing amount under the normal condition

Introduction:

Two components that are closely related forms the Oxidative phosphorylation and they are chemiosmosis and electron transport chain. The electrons are transferred from one molecule to another molecules and the energy that is produced in this transfer is used in the formation of gradient that is electrochemical.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

From the given we have,

G=−219.2kJ/mol for 3 ATP

So with 75 % efficiency,

−219.2 kJ/mol×0.75=−164.4 kJ/mol

For 1 ATP,

54.8 kJ/mol

With the equation,

ΔG=ΔG0+RTln(ATP)(ADP)(Pi)

(ATP)(ADP)=(Pi)×eΔG−ΔG 0'RT

=(2 mM)×e (54.8−30.5) (8.314× 10 −3 )(298)=36.4

The ratio of ATP and ADP maximum for the phosphorylation oxidative occurring at Pi =2 mM is 36.4.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 10P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To calculate:

The change of standard free energy for the given reaction.

Introduction:

Two components that are closely related forms the Oxidative phosphorylation and they are chemiosmosis and electron transport chain. The electrons are transferred from one molecule to another molecules and the energy that is produced in this transfer is used in the formation of gradient that is electrochemical.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The electron acceptor is O2 and the electron donor is NADH that is determined from the half reactions:

NAD++2H++2e−→NADH+H+(E0'=−0.320V)

12O2+2H++2e−→H2O,(E0'=+0.816V)

The free change of energy for the reaction is calculated by determining the change of the standard potential,

ΔE0'=acceptorΔE0'−donorΔE0'

=+0.816 V−(−0.320 V)=+1.136 V

ΔG0'=−nFΔE0'n=2F=96,485 kJ/Vmol

=−2(96.485 kJ/V.mol)(1.136 V)=−219.2 kJ/mol

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To calculate:

The equilibrium constant of the reaction.

Introduction:

Two components that are closely related forms the Oxidative phosphorylation and they are chemiosmosis and electron transport chain. The electrons are transferred from one molecule to another molecules and the energy that is produced in this transfer is used in the formation of gradient that is electrochemical.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

ΔG0'=−RTlnKeqKeq=e −ΔG RT

=e −(−219.2) (8.314× 10 −3 )(298)=2.65×1038

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To determine:

The release of the actual free energy accompanying the coenzyme Q reductase of NADH is equal to releasing amount under the normal condition

Introduction:

Two components that are closely related forms the Oxidative phosphorylation and they are chemiosmosis and electron transport chain. The electrons are transferred from one molecule to another molecules and the energy that is produced in this transfer is used in the formation of gradient that is electrochemical.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

From the given we have,

G=−219.2kJ/mol for 3 ATP

So with 75 % efficiency,

−219.2 kJ/mol×0.75=−164.4 kJ/mol

For 1 ATP,

54.8 kJ/mol

With the equation,

ΔG=ΔG0+RTln(ATP)(ADP)(Pi)

(ATP)(ADP)=(Pi)×eΔG−ΔG 0'RT

=(2 mM)×e (54.8−30.5) (8.314× 10 −3 )(298)=36.4

The ratio of ATP and ADP maximum for the phosphorylation oxidative occurring at Pi =2 mM is 36.4.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 10P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To calculate:

The change of standard free energy for the given reaction.

Introduction:

Two components that are closely related forms the Oxidative phosphorylation and they are chemiosmosis and electron transport chain. The electrons are transferred from one molecule to another molecules and the energy that is produced in this transfer is used in the formation of gradient that is electrochemical.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The electron acceptor is O2 and the electron donor is NADH that is determined from the half reactions:

NAD++2H++2e−→NADH+H+(E0'=−0.320V)

12O2+2H++2e−→H2O,(E0'=+0.816V)

The free change of energy for the reaction is calculated by determining the change of the standard potential,

ΔE0'=acceptorΔE0'−donorΔE0'

=+0.816 V−(−0.320 V)=+1.136 V

ΔG0'=−nFΔE0'n=2F=96,485 kJ/Vmol

=−2(96.485 kJ/V.mol)(1.136 V)=−219.2 kJ/mol

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To calculate:

The equilibrium constant of the reaction.

Introduction:

Two components that are closely related forms the Oxidative phosphorylation and they are chemiosmosis and electron transport chain. The electrons are transferred from one molecule to another molecules and the energy that is produced in this transfer is used in the formation of gradient that is electrochemical.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

ΔG0'=−RTlnKeqKeq=e −ΔG RT

=e −(−219.2) (8.314× 10 −3 )(298)=2.65×1038

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To determine:

The release of the actual free energy accompanying the coenzyme Q reductase of NADH is equal to releasing amount under the normal condition

Introduction:

Two components that are closely related forms the Oxidative phosphorylation and they are chemiosmosis and electron transport chain. The electrons are transferred from one molecule to another molecules and the energy that is produced in this transfer is used in the formation of gradient that is electrochemical.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

From the given we have,

G=−219.2kJ/mol for 3 ATP

So with 75 % efficiency,

−219.2 kJ/mol×0.75=−164.4 kJ/mol

For 1 ATP,

54.8 kJ/mol

With the equation,

ΔG=ΔG0+RTln(ATP)(ADP)(Pi)

(ATP)(ADP)=(Pi)×eΔG−ΔG 0'RT

=(2 mM)×e (54.8−30.5) (8.314× 10 −3 )(298)=36.4

The ratio of ATP and ADP maximum for the phosphorylation oxidative occurring at Pi =2 mM is 36.4.

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Answer 5

Chapter 20, Problem 10P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To calculate:

The change of standard free energy for the given reaction.

Introduction:

Two components that are closely related forms the Oxidative phosphorylation and they are chemiosmosis and electron transport chain. The electrons are transferred from one molecule to another molecules and the energy that is produced in this transfer is used in the formation of gradient that is electrochemical.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The electron acceptor is O2 and the electron donor is NADH that is determined from the half reactions:

NAD++2H++2e−→NADH+H+(E0'=−0.320V)

12O2+2H++2e−→H2O,(E0'=+0.816V)

The free change of energy for the reaction is calculated by determining the change of the standard potential,

ΔE0'=acceptorΔE0'−donorΔE0'

=+0.816 V−(−0.320 V)=+1.136 V

ΔG0'=−nFΔE0'n=2F=96,485 kJ/Vmol

=−2(96.485 kJ/V.mol)(1.136 V)=−219.2 kJ/mol

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To calculate:

The equilibrium constant of the reaction.

Introduction:

Two components that are closely related forms the Oxidative phosphorylation and they are chemiosmosis and electron transport chain. The electrons are transferred from one molecule to another molecules and the energy that is produced in this transfer is used in the formation of gradient that is electrochemical.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

ΔG0'=−RTlnKeqKeq=e −ΔG RT

=e −(−219.2) (8.314× 10 −3 )(298)=2.65×1038

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To determine:

The release of the actual free energy accompanying the coenzyme Q reductase of NADH is equal to releasing amount under the normal condition

Introduction:

Two components that are closely related forms the Oxidative phosphorylation and they are chemiosmosis and electron transport chain. The electrons are transferred from one molecule to another molecules and the energy that is produced in this transfer is used in the formation of gradient that is electrochemical.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

From the given we have,

G=−219.2kJ/mol for 3 ATP

So with 75 % efficiency,

−219.2 kJ/mol×0.75=−164.4 kJ/mol

For 1 ATP,

54.8 kJ/mol

With the equation,

ΔG=ΔG0+RTln(ATP)(ADP)(Pi)

(ATP)(ADP)=(Pi)×eΔG−ΔG 0'RT

=(2 mM)×e (54.8−30.5) (8.314× 10 −3 )(298)=36.4

The ratio of ATP and ADP maximum for the phosphorylation oxidative occurring at Pi =2 mM is 36.4.

Answer 6

Chapter 20, Problem 10P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To calculate:

The change of standard free energy for the given reaction.

Introduction:

Two components that are closely related forms the Oxidative phosphorylation and they are chemiosmosis and electron transport chain. The electrons are transferred from one molecule to another molecules and the energy that is produced in this transfer is used in the formation of gradient that is electrochemical.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The electron acceptor is O2 and the electron donor is NADH that is determined from the half reactions:

NAD++2H++2e−→NADH+H+(E0'=−0.320V)

12O2+2H++2e−→H2O,(E0'=+0.816V)

The free change of energy for the reaction is calculated by determining the change of the standard potential,

ΔE0'=acceptorΔE0'−donorΔE0'

=+0.816 V−(−0.320 V)=+1.136 V

ΔG0'=−nFΔE0'n=2F=96,485 kJ/Vmol

=−2(96.485 kJ/V.mol)(1.136 V)=−219.2 kJ/mol

Answer 7

Chapter 20, Problem 10P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To calculate:

The change of standard free energy for the given reaction.

Introduction:

Two components that are closely related forms the Oxidative phosphorylation and they are chemiosmosis and electron transport chain. The electrons are transferred from one molecule to another molecules and the energy that is produced in this transfer is used in the formation of gradient that is electrochemical.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The electron acceptor is O2 and the electron donor is NADH that is determined from the half reactions:

NAD++2H++2e−→NADH+H+(E0'=−0.320V)

12O2+2H++2e−→H2O,(E0'=+0.816V)

The free change of energy for the reaction is calculated by determining the change of the standard potential,

ΔE0'=acceptorΔE0'−donorΔE0'

=+0.816 V−(−0.320 V)=+1.136 V

ΔG0'=−nFΔE0'n=2F=96,485 kJ/Vmol

=−2(96.485 kJ/V.mol)(1.136 V)=−219.2 kJ/mol

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To calculate:

The equilibrium constant of the reaction.

Introduction:

Two components that are closely related forms the Oxidative phosphorylation and they are chemiosmosis and electron transport chain. The electrons are transferred from one molecule to another molecules and the energy that is produced in this transfer is used in the formation of gradient that is electrochemical.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

ΔG0'=−RTlnKeqKeq=e −ΔG RT

=e −(−219.2) (8.314× 10 −3 )(298)=2.65×1038

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To calculate:

The equilibrium constant of the reaction.

Introduction:

Two components that are closely related forms the Oxidative phosphorylation and they are chemiosmosis and electron transport chain. The electrons are transferred from one molecule to another molecules and the energy that is produced in this transfer is used in the formation of gradient that is electrochemical.

Answer 14

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

ΔG0'=−RTlnKeqKeq=e −ΔG RT

=e −(−219.2) (8.314× 10 −3 )(298)=2.65×1038

Answer 15

Expert Solution

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To determine:

The release of the actual free energy accompanying the coenzyme Q reductase of NADH is equal to releasing amount under the normal condition

Introduction:

Two components that are closely related forms the Oxidative phosphorylation and they are chemiosmosis and electron transport chain. The electrons are transferred from one molecule to another molecules and the energy that is produced in this transfer is used in the formation of gradient that is electrochemical.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

From the given we have,

G=−219.2kJ/mol for 3 ATP

So with 75 % efficiency,

−219.2 kJ/mol×0.75=−164.4 kJ/mol

For 1 ATP,

54.8 kJ/mol

With the equation,

ΔG=ΔG0+RTln(ATP)(ADP)(Pi)

(ATP)(ADP)=(Pi)×eΔG−ΔG 0'RT

=(2 mM)×e (54.8−30.5) (8.314× 10 −3 )(298)=36.4

The ratio of ATP and ADP maximum for the phosphorylation oxidative occurring at Pi =2 mM is 36.4.

Answer 19

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To determine:

The release of the actual free energy accompanying the coenzyme Q reductase of NADH is equal to releasing amount under the normal condition

Introduction:

Two components that are closely related forms the Oxidative phosphorylation and they are chemiosmosis and electron transport chain. The electrons are transferred from one molecule to another molecules and the energy that is produced in this transfer is used in the formation of gradient that is electrochemical.

Answer 20

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

From the given we have,

G=−219.2kJ/mol for 3 ATP

So with 75 % efficiency,

−219.2 kJ/mol×0.75=−164.4 kJ/mol

For 1 ATP,

54.8 kJ/mol

With the equation,

ΔG=ΔG0+RTln(ATP)(ADP)(Pi)

(ATP)(ADP)=(Pi)×eΔG−ΔG 0'RT

=(2 mM)×e (54.8−30.5) (8.314× 10 −3 )(298)=36.4

The ratio of ATP and ADP maximum for the phosphorylation oxidative occurring at Pi =2 mM is 36.4.

Answer 21

Expert Solution

Answer 22

Expert Solution

Answer 23

Expert Solution

Answer 24

Ch. 20 - Prob. 1P Ch. 20 - Prob. 2P Ch. 20 - Prob. 3P Ch. 20 - Understanding an Antidote for Cyanide Poisoning...Ch. 20 - Prob. 5P Ch. 20 - Prob. 6P Ch. 20 - Prob. 7P Ch. 20 - Prob. 8P Ch. 20 - Prob. 9P Ch. 20 - Prob. 10P

Explanation of Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation of Solution

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