Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The elements that are neutral, positivelycharged, or negativelycharged are to be identified among the given elements and the conventional symbols of the same are to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
Atoms are neutral if they contain an equal number of protons and electrons.
Atoms are negativelycharged if they contain a higher number of electrons than the number of protons, i.e., number of negative charges are more than the positive charges.
Atoms are positivelycharged if they contain a higher number of protons than the number of electrons i.e. number of positive charges are more than the negative charges.
The conventional symbol for any element ‘X’ with
The atomic number (Z) is the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom, which also indicates the number of electrons in the atom. The mass number (A) is the sum of neutrons and protons present in the nucleus of a particular atom. The mass number (A) is given by:
Answer to Problem 92AP
Solution:
a) A, F, and G.
b) B and E.
c) C andD.
d)
Explanation of Solution
Atoms are neutral if they contain the same number of protons and electrons.
a)The species which are neutral.
For element A,
The number of electrons as well as the number of protons
For element F,
The number of electrons as well as the number of protons
For element G,
The number of electrons as well as the number of protons
Hence, the elements A, F, and G are neutral.
b)The species which are negatively charged.
Atoms are negativelycharged if they contain a higher number of electrons than the number of protons.
For element B,
The number of electrons
For element F,
The number of electrons
c) The species that are positively charged.
Atoms are positivelycharged if they contain a higher number of protons than the number of electrons.
For element C,
The number of electrons
For element D,
The number of electrons
d) The conventional symbol for all.
The conventional symbol for any element ‘X’ with the atomic number (Z) and the mass number (A) is given by
For element A,
The number of protons (Z)
Refer to the expression to calculate the mass number (A):
Substitute the known values in the above expression,
The conventional symbol for element A is given by
For element B,
The number of protons (Z)
Refer to the expression to calculate the mass number (A):
Substitute the known values in the above expression,
The conventional symbol for element B is given by
For element C,
The number of protons (Z)
Refer to the expression to calculate the mass number (A):
Substitute the known values in the above expression,
The conventional symbol for element C is given by
For element D,
The number of protons (Z)
Refer to the expression to calculate the mass number (A):
Substitute the known values in the above expression,
The conventional symbol for element D is given by
For element E,
The number of protons (Z)
Refer to the expression to calculate the mass number (A):
Substitute the known values in the above expression,
The conventional symbol for element E is given by
For element F,
The number of protons (Z)
Refer to the expression to calculate the mass number (A):
Substitute the known values in the above expression,
The conventional symbol for element F is given by
For element G,
The number of protons (Z)
Refer to the expression to calculate the mass number (A):
Substitute the known values in the above expression,
The conventional symbol for element G is given by
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 2 Solutions
Chemistry
- 2-43 Which group(s) of the Periodic Table contain(s): (a) Only metals? (b) Only metalloids? (c) Only nonmetals?arrow_forwardFrom the following written description, write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction including state symbols. A diatomic gaseous molecule that contains 17 protons per atom is reacted with a solid element that has an atomic number of 19 to yield an ionic compound.arrow_forward2-23 It has been said, “The number of protons determines the identity of the element.” Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Explain.arrow_forward
- There are 2.619 1022 atoms in 1.000 g of sodium. Assume that sodium atoms are spheres of radius 1.86 and that they are lined up side by side. How many miles in length is the line of sodium atoms?arrow_forwardSamples of compound X, Y, and Z are analyzed, with results shown here. Compound Description Mass of Carbon Mass of Hydrogen X clear, colorless, liquid with strong odor 1.776 g 0.148 g Y clear, colorless, liquid with strong odor 1.974 g 0.329 g Z clear, colorless, liquid with strong odor 7.812 g 0.651 g Do these data provide example(s) of the law of definite proportions, the law of multiple proportions, neither, or both? What do these data tell you about compounds X, Y, and Z?arrow_forward2-17 How does Dalton’s atomic theory explain: (a) the law of conservation of mass? (b) the law of constant composition?arrow_forward
- A student in your chemistry class tells you that nitrogen-14 and nitrogen-15 are not isotopes because they have the same number of protons. How would you refute this statement?arrow_forwardThe formula of water is If-O. Which of the following is indicated by this formula? Explain your answer. a. The mass of hydrogen is twice that of oxygen in each molecule. b. There are two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom per water molecule. c. The mass of oxygen is twice that of hydrogen in each molecule. d. There are two oxygen atoms and one hydrogen atom per water molecule.arrow_forwardIn a reproduction of the Millikan oil-drop experiment, a student obtains the following values for the charges on nine different oil droplets. (a) Based on these data alone, what is your best estimate of the number of electrons on each of the above droplets? (Hint: Begin by considering differences in charges between adjacent data points, and see into what groups these are categorized.) (b) Based on these data alone, what is your best estimate of the charge on the electron? (c) Is it conceivable that the actual charge is half the charge you calculated in (b)? What evidence would help you decide one way or the other?arrow_forward
- Using the information in Table 2.1, answer the following questions. In an ion with an unknown charge, the total mass of all the electrons was determined to be 2.55 1026 g. while the total mass of its protons was 5.34 1023 g. What is the identity and charge of this ion? What is the symbol and mass number of a neutral atom whose total mass of its electrons is 3.92 1026 g, while its neutrons have a mass of 9.35 1023 g?arrow_forwardThe mass-to-charge ratio for the positive ion F+ is 1.97 107 kg/C. Using the value of 1.602 1019 C for the charge on the ion, calculate the mass of the fluorine atom. (The mass of the electron is negligible compared with that of the ion, so the ion mass is essentially the atomic weight.)arrow_forward2.92 A candy manufacturer makes chocolate-covered cherries. Although all of the products look roughly the same, 3% of them are missing the cherry. The mass of the candy with a cherry is 18.5 g; those missing the cherry weigh only 6.4 g. (a) How would you compute the average mass of a box of 100 of these chocolate covered cherries from this manufacturer? (b) I low is this question analogous to the determination of atomic weights?arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage LearningGeneral Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage LearningWorld of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning