(a) Interpretation: The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Si should be identified. Concept Introduction: The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state. The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 77P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Si should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Si is 4.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Si (14) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p².

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 3s 3p which contains four electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Si is 4.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Br should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Br is 7.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Br (35) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s 4p which contains seven electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Br is 7.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of p should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of p is 5.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of p (15) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 3s 3p which contains five electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of p is 5.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of K should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of K is 1.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of K (19) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s which contains one electron.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of K is 1.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of He should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of He is 2.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of He (2) is 1s².

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 1s which contains two electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of He is 2.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Ca should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Ca is 2.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Ca (20) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s².

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s which contains two electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Ca is 2.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Kr should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Kr is 8.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Kr (36) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s 4p which contains eight electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Kr is 8.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Pb should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Pb is 4.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Pb (82) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶ 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p².

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 6s 6p which contains four electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Pb is 4.

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Se should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Se is 6.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Se (34) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁴.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s 4p which contains six electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Se is 6.

Interpretation Introduction

(j)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of O should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of O is 6.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of O (8) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁴.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 2s 2p which contains six electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of O is 6.

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Don't used Ai solution

Calculate the differences between energy levels in J, Einstein's coefficients of estimated absorption and spontaneous emission and life time media for typical electronic transmissions (vnm = 1015 s-1) and vibrations (vnm = 1013 s-1) . Assume that the dipolar transition moments for these transactions are in the order of 1 D.Data: 1D = 3.33564x10-30 C m; epsilon0 = 8.85419x10-12 C2m-1J-1

Don't used Ai solution

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 77P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Si should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Si is 4.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Si (14) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p².

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 3s 3p which contains four electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Si is 4.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Br should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Br is 7.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Br (35) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s 4p which contains seven electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Br is 7.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of p should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of p is 5.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of p (15) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 3s 3p which contains five electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of p is 5.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of K should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of K is 1.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of K (19) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s which contains one electron.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of K is 1.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of He should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of He is 2.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of He (2) is 1s².

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 1s which contains two electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of He is 2.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Ca should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Ca is 2.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Ca (20) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s².

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s which contains two electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Ca is 2.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Kr should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Kr is 8.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Kr (36) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s 4p which contains eight electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Kr is 8.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Pb should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Pb is 4.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Pb (82) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶ 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p².

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 6s 6p which contains four electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Pb is 4.

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Se should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Se is 6.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Se (34) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁴.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s 4p which contains six electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Se is 6.

Interpretation Introduction

(j)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of O should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of O is 6.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of O (8) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁴.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 2s 2p which contains six electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of O is 6.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 77P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Si should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Si is 4.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Si (14) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p².

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 3s 3p which contains four electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Si is 4.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Br should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Br is 7.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Br (35) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s 4p which contains seven electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Br is 7.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of p should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of p is 5.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of p (15) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 3s 3p which contains five electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of p is 5.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of K should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of K is 1.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of K (19) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s which contains one electron.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of K is 1.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of He should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of He is 2.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of He (2) is 1s².

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 1s which contains two electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of He is 2.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Ca should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Ca is 2.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Ca (20) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s².

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s which contains two electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Ca is 2.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Kr should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Kr is 8.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Kr (36) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s 4p which contains eight electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Kr is 8.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Pb should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Pb is 4.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Pb (82) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶ 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p².

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 6s 6p which contains four electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Pb is 4.

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Se should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Se is 6.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Se (34) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁴.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s 4p which contains six electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Se is 6.

Interpretation Introduction

(j)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of O should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of O is 6.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of O (8) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁴.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 2s 2p which contains six electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of O is 6.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 77P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Si should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Si is 4.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Si (14) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p².

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 3s 3p which contains four electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Si is 4.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Br should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Br is 7.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Br (35) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s 4p which contains seven electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Br is 7.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of p should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of p is 5.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of p (15) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 3s 3p which contains five electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of p is 5.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of K should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of K is 1.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of K (19) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s which contains one electron.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of K is 1.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of He should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of He is 2.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of He (2) is 1s².

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 1s which contains two electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of He is 2.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Ca should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Ca is 2.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Ca (20) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s².

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s which contains two electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Ca is 2.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Kr should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Kr is 8.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Kr (36) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s 4p which contains eight electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Kr is 8.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Pb should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Pb is 4.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Pb (82) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶ 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p².

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 6s 6p which contains four electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Pb is 4.

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Se should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Se is 6.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Se (34) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁴.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s 4p which contains six electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Se is 6.

Interpretation Introduction

(j)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of O should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of O is 6.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of O (8) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁴.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 2s 2p which contains six electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of O is 6.

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Answer 5

Chapter 2, Problem 77P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Si should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Si is 4.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Si (14) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p².

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 3s 3p which contains four electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Si is 4.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Br should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Br is 7.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Br (35) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s 4p which contains seven electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Br is 7.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of p should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of p is 5.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of p (15) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 3s 3p which contains five electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of p is 5.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of K should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of K is 1.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of K (19) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s which contains one electron.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of K is 1.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of He should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of He is 2.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of He (2) is 1s².

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 1s which contains two electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of He is 2.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Ca should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Ca is 2.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Ca (20) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s².

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s which contains two electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Ca is 2.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Kr should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Kr is 8.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Kr (36) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s 4p which contains eight electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Kr is 8.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Pb should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Pb is 4.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Pb (82) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶ 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p².

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 6s 6p which contains four electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Pb is 4.

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Se should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Se is 6.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Se (34) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁴.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s 4p which contains six electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Se is 6.

Interpretation Introduction

(j)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of O should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of O is 6.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of O (8) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁴.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 2s 2p which contains six electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of O is 6.

Answer 6

Chapter 2, Problem 77P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Si should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Si is 4.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Si (14) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p².

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 3s 3p which contains four electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Si is 4.

Answer 7

Chapter 2, Problem 77P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Si should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Si is 4.

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Si (14) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p².

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 3s 3p which contains four electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Si is 4.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Br should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Br is 7.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Br (35) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s 4p which contains seven electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Br is 7.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Br should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Answer 15

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Br is 7.

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Br (35) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s 4p which contains seven electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Br is 7.

Answer 20

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of p should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of p is 5.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of p (15) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 3s 3p which contains five electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of p is 5.

Answer 21

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of p should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Answer 22

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of p is 5.

Answer 23

Expert Solution

Answer 24

Expert Solution

Answer 25

Expert Solution

Answer 26

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of p (15) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 3s 3p which contains five electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of p is 5.

Answer 27

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of K should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of K is 1.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of K (19) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s which contains one electron.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of K is 1.

Answer 28

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of K should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Answer 29

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of K is 1.

Answer 30

Expert Solution

Answer 31

Expert Solution

Answer 32

Expert Solution

Answer 33

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of K (19) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s which contains one electron.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of K is 1.

Answer 34

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of He should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of He is 2.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of He (2) is 1s².

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 1s which contains two electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of He is 2.

Answer 35

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of He should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Answer 36

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of He is 2.

Answer 37

Expert Solution

Answer 38

Expert Solution

Answer 39

Expert Solution

Answer 40

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of He (2) is 1s².

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 1s which contains two electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of He is 2.

Answer 41

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Ca should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Ca is 2.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Ca (20) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s².

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s which contains two electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Ca is 2.

Answer 42

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Ca should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Answer 43

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Ca is 2.

Answer 44

Expert Solution

Answer 45

Expert Solution

Answer 46

Expert Solution

Answer 47

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Ca (20) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s².

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s which contains two electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Ca is 2.

Answer 48

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Kr should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Kr is 8.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Kr (36) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s 4p which contains eight electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Kr is 8.

Answer 49

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Kr should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Answer 50

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Kr is 8.

Answer 51

Expert Solution

Answer 52

Expert Solution

Answer 53

Expert Solution

Answer 54

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Kr (36) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s 4p which contains eight electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Kr is 8.

Answer 55

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Pb should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Pb is 4.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Pb (82) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶ 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p².

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 6s 6p which contains four electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Pb is 4.

Answer 56

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Pb should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Answer 57

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Pb is 4.

Answer 58

Expert Solution

Answer 59

Expert Solution

Answer 60

Expert Solution

Answer 61

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Pb (82) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶ 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p².

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 6s 6p which contains four electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Pb is 4.

Answer 62

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Se should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Se is 6.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Se (34) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁴.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s 4p which contains six electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Se is 6.

Answer 63

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of Se should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Answer 64

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of Se is 6.

Answer 65

Expert Solution

Answer 66

Expert Solution

Answer 67

Expert Solution

Answer 68

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of Se (34) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁴.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 4s 4p which contains six electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of Se is 6.

Answer 69

Interpretation Introduction

(j)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of O should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of O is 6.

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of O (8) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁴.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 2s 2p which contains six electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of O is 6.

Answer 70

Interpretation Introduction

(j)

Interpretation:

The number of electrons present in the outer shell of O should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The protons and neutrons of an atom are present in the nucleus of an atom whereas the electrons are always moving around the nucleus of an atom that is they possess kinetic energy. The lowest possible energy level of an electron in an atom is its ground state.

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Answer 71

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 77P

The number of electrons in outermost shell of O is 6.

Answer 72

Expert Solution

Answer 73

Expert Solution

Answer 74

Expert Solution

Answer 75

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the movement of electrons is confined is said to be shells which are divided into subshells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these subshells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The number of electrons that these subshells can hold is:

s-block - 2.

p-block - 6.

d-block - 10.

f-block - 14.

The electronic configuration of O (8) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁴.

On the basis of above electronic configuration, the outermost shell or valence shell is 2s 2p which contains six electrons.

Thus, number of electrons in outermost shell of O is 6.