Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement, “The fact that paper burns is a physical property” is true or false is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Physical change is the change in the shape or size of a substance, without causing the change in its chemical identity. Chemical change is the change when a substance loses its chemical identity and forms a new substance.
Answer to Problem 66E
The statement, “The fact that paper burns is a physical property” is false.
Explanation of Solution
Burning of a paper is a chemical change and the process is known as combustion. On burning, paper loses its identity and changes into ash.
Therefore, the statement, “The fact that paper burns is a physical property” is false.
The statement, “The fact that paper burns is a physical property” is false.
(b)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement, “Particles of matter are moving in gases and liquids, but not solids” is true or false is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Solids, liquids and gases are made up of particles that move around their fixed positions or among one another. Particles in solid are tightly packed, so they have restricted movement.
Answer to Problem 66E
The statement, “Particles of matter are moving in gases and liquids, but not solids” is false.
Explanation of Solution
In solids, the particles move by shaking or vibrating at fixed positions relative to one another. The movement of the particles among one another is restricted.
Therefore, the statement “Particles of matter are moving in gases and liquids, but not solids” is false.
The statement, “Particles of matter are moving in gases and liquids, but not solids” is false.
(c)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement, “A heterogeneous substance has a uniform appearance throughout” is true or false is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Homogeneous substance is a mixture of two or more pure substances which mix completely with one another and has uniform composition and appearance throughout. Heterogeneous substance is a mixture of two or more substances which do not mix completely with one another and do not have uniform composition or appearance throughout.
Answer to Problem 66E
The statement, “A heterogeneous substance has a uniform appearance throughout” is false.
Explanation of Solution
Heterogeneous substance is a mixture of two or more substances which do not mix completely with one another and do not have uniform composition or appearance throughout.
Therefore, the statement, “A heterogeneous substance has a uniform appearance throughout” is false.
The statement, “A heterogeneous substance has a uniform appearance throughout” is false.
(d)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement, “Compounds are impure substances” is true or false is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Compounds are made up of two or more elements which are
Answer to Problem 66E
The statement, “Compounds are impure substances” is false.
Explanation of Solution
Compounds can be pure substances like water, the composition of hydrogen and oxygen is same throughout.
Therefore, the statement, “Compounds are impure substances” is false.
The statement, “Compounds are impure substances” is false.
(e)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement, “If one sample of sulfur dioxide is 50% sulfur and 50% oxygen, then all samples of sulfur dioxide are 50% sulfur and 50% oxygen” is true or false is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Law of Definite Composition states that, “Any compound is made up of elements in the same proportion by mass (weight).” Compounds have definite composition throughout.
Answer to Problem 66E
The statement, “If one sample of sulfur dioxide is 50% sulfur and 50% oxygen, then all samples of sulfur dioxide are 50% sulfur and 50% oxygen” is true.
Explanation of Solution
Sulfur and oxygen combines in a definite proportion by mass, according to Law of Definite Composition. Sulfur dioxide is made up of one atom of sulfur and two atoms of oxygen. This atom ratio is fixed and the atoms have fixed weight, so the ratio of weights in a compound is also fixed.
Therefore, the statement, “If one sample of sulfur dioxide is 50% sulfur and 50% oxygen, then all samples of sulfur dioxide are 50% sulfur and 50% oxygen” is true.
The statement, “If one sample of sulfur dioxide is 50% sulfur and 50% oxygen, then all samples of sulfur dioxide are 50% sulfur and 50% oxygen” is true.
(f)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement, “A solution is a homogeneous mixture” is true or false is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Solution is a mixture of a solute and a solvent which dissolve in each other in uniform composition and appearance. A solute is the substance which is present in a small quantity. A solvent is the substance in which the solute dissolves. Alcohol and water is a solution which appears same throughout and has same composition throughout.
Answer to Problem 66E
The statement, “A solution is a homogeneous mixture” is true.
Explanation of Solution
Mixtures are classified as homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures. Homogeneous mixtures have uniform composition throughout. Heterogeneous mixtures do not have uniform composition and appearance.
Therefore, the statement, “A solution is a homogeneous mixture” is true.
The statement, “A solution is a homogeneous mixture” is true.
(g)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement, “Two positively charged objects attract each other, but two negatively charged objects repel each other” is true or false is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Matter has a physical property known as electric charge. It is of two types: positive and negative charges. Like charges repel each other while opposite charges attracts each other.
Answer to Problem 66E
The statement, “Two positively charged objects attract each other, but two negatively charged objects repel each other” is false.
Explanation of Solution
Two positively or negatively charged objects always repel each other, which means, like charges repel reach other.
Therefore, the statement, “Two positively charged objects attract each other, but two negatively charged objects repel each other” is false.
The statement, “Two positively charged objects attract each other, but two negatively charged objects repel each other” is false.
(h)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement, “Mass is conserved in an endothermic chemical change but not in an exothermic chemical change” is true or false is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Albert Einstein gave the relation between mass and energy of the system. The expression is, E=mc2. This expression is known as Law of Conservation of Mass and Energy. Law of Conservation of Mass states that, “The total mass of the reactants in a chemical change is equal to the total mass of the products.”
Answer to Problem 66E
The statement, “Mass is conserved in an endothermic chemical change but not in an exothermic chemical change” is false.
Explanation of Solution
According to the Law of mass, “The total mass of the reactants in a chemical change is equal to the total mass of the products.” It is irrespective of the type of chemical change taken place.
Therefore, the statement, “Mass is conserved in an endothermic chemical change but not in an exothermic chemical change” is false.
The statement, “Mass is conserved in an endothermic chemical change but not in an exothermic chemical change” is false
(i)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement, “Potential energy can be related to positions in an electrical field” is true or false is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Potential energy is the energy of the system due to the arrangement of negatively and positively charged particles in a system Each atom consists of several small charged particles: positive and negative which when brought closer, increases the potential energy of the system.
Answer to Problem 66E
The statement, “Potential energy can be related to positions in an electrical field” is true.
Explanation of Solution
Potential energy is related to the position of charged particles in a system. When like charge particles are brought closer to each other and unlike charge particles are taken away from each other, then the potential energy of the system increases.
Therefore, the statement, “Potential energy can be related to positions in an electrical field” is true.
The statement, “Potential energy can be related to positions in an electrical field” is true.
(j)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement, “Chemical energy can be converted to kinetic energy” is true or false is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Law of Conservation of Energy states that, “Energy of the system remains conserved in a
Answer to Problem 66E
The statement, “Chemical energy can be converted to kinetic energy” is true.
Explanation of Solution
In a chemical reaction, the energy of the system remains conserved. It can be transformed from one form of energy to another.
Therefore, the statement, “Chemical energy can be converted to kinetic energy” is true.
The statement, “Chemical energy can be converted to kinetic energy” is true.
(k)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement, “Potential energy is more powerful than kinetic energy” is true or false is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Potential energy is the energy related to the arrangement of positively and negatively charged particles in a system. Kinetic energy is the energy because of the movement of charges.
Answer to Problem 66E
The statement, “Potential energy is more powerful than kinetic energy” is false.
Explanation of Solution
Potential energy and Kinetic energy are independent of each other. Kinetic energy depends upon the motion of the charges and the Potential energy depends upon the relative position of the charges to one another.
Therefore, the statement, “Potential energy is more powerful than kinetic energy” is false.
The statement, “Potential energy is more powerful than kinetic energy” is false.
(l)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement, “A chemical change always destroys something and always creates something” is true or false is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
A chemical change is the change that brings the change in the substance chemically. The properties of the substances are completely changed before and after the chemical changes takes place.
Answer to Problem 66E
The statement, “A chemical change always destroys something and always creates something” is true.
Explanation of Solution
For a chemical change to take place, the properties of a substance has to be changed before and after the change. A substance loses its chemical properties, that is, it is destroyed and a new substance is created with different chemical properties.
Therefore, the statement, “A chemical change always destroys something and always creates something” is true.
The statement, “A chemical change always destroys something and always creates something” is true.
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Chapter 2 Solutions
EBK INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY: AN ACTIVE L
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