Human Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780805382952
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 4AYK
You have just dropped some phospholipids into water. Predict how the hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends of these molecules will align themselves. (Hint: The molecules in air are nonpolar.)
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Match the following terms (A to F) with the statements (i – vi) below by selecting from
the drop-down menus. Each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
A
nonpolar covalent bond
B
polar covalent bond
C
ionic bond
hydrogen bond
E
hydrophobic interaction
F
All of the above
(1) Explains most specifically the attraction of water molecules to each other
(i) Important for self-assembly of membranes
(iii) Important in large biological molecules
(iv) Joins backbone atoms in fatty acids
(v) Easily disrupted in presence of water
(vi) Important for alpha helix and beta sheet formation in proteins
Decide whether the following statements about phospholipids is correct below
In an experiment, a 0.001 (mole fraction) solution of polysaccharide in water is made and is placed in the compartment A (see Figure below). Compartment B is filled with pure water. The two compartments are separated by a porous semi-permeable membrane that allows the exchange of water molecules between the two compartments, but not that of the larger polysaccharide molecules
a) Show that the chemical potential of water in compartment A is lower than that in compartment B by 2.48 J/mol.
b) As a result of this chemical potential difference, water molecules will move from compartment B to compartment A. This causes the pressure in compartment A, relative to that in B, to increase. How would this affect the chemical potential of water in compartment B? When would the diffusion of water from B to A cease (i.e. equilibrium is achieved)?
c) Using your answer to part (b), work out the difference between the pressure in compartment A and B when…
Chapter 2 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 1QCCh. 2.1 - What are atoms?Ch. 2.1 - How do the three types of subatomic particles...Ch. 2.1 - What is an element?Ch. 2.1 - 4. How are elements arranged in the periodic...Ch. 2.1 - What are isotopes?Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 1AWYLCh. 2.1 - The element lithium has an atomic number of 3 and...Ch. 2.2 - What is a mixture?Ch. 2.2 - 2. How do the three types of mixtures differ?
Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 3QCCh. 2.2 - What is an ionic bond?Ch. 2.2 - 5. How is an ionic bond formed?
Ch. 2.2 - 6. Explain how polar and nonpolar covalent bonds...Ch. 2.2 - What are hydrogen bonds? Why do hydrogen bonds...Ch. 2.2 - Which would be more reactive-an atom of fluorine...Ch. 2.2 - Would a molecule of hydrogen (H2) form hydrogen...Ch. 2.2 - Explain why the molecule Na2 does not exist in...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 1QCCh. 2.3 - Prob. 2QCCh. 2.3 - How do endergonic and exergonic reactions differ?Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 4QCCh. 2.3 - What factors can influence the rate of a chemical...Ch. 2.3 - 6. What is an enzyme, and what does an enzyme do?
Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 1AWYLCh. 2.3 - Explain why most biological molecules are stable...Ch. 2.3 - 3. Many naturally occurring poisons function by...Ch. 2.4 - What are four properties of water that make it a...Ch. 2.4 - 2. Which molecules are likely to be hydrophilic?...Ch. 2.4 - 3. Define the terms acid and base.
Ch. 2.4 - What is the pH scale? Which pH values are...Ch. 2.4 - What is the effect of a buffer on a solution?Ch. 2.4 - What is a salt?Ch. 2.4 - 7. What does an electrolyte do in a solution?
Ch. 2.4 - Explain how the water surrounding a fetus in the...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 2AWYLCh. 2.5 - 1. How do polymers and monomers differ?
Ch. 2.5 - 2.3. How do monosaccharides, disaccharides, and...Ch. 2.5 - 2. How do monosaccharides, disaccharides, and...Ch. 2.5 - How are two monosaccharides linked to form a...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 5QCCh. 2.5 - 5. How do phospholipids and triglycerides differ?
Ch. 2.5 - What are steroids?Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 8QCCh. 2.5 - How are amino acids linked to form peptides and...Ch. 2.5 - What are the four levels of structural...Ch. 2.5 - 10. What are the components and roles of ATP?
Ch. 2.5 - 11. How do DNA and RNA differ?
Ch. 2.5 - 11. What are the three components of a...Ch. 2.5 - Which molecule would be the most soluble in water:...Ch. 2.5 - In Module 2.3, you learned that increasing...Ch. 2.5 - 3. How could a defect in a gene lead to a...Ch. 2 - Prob. 1CYRCh. 2 - Fill in the blanks: Isotopes are atoms with the...Ch. 2 - 3. Which of the following statements correctly...Ch. 2 - 4. Explain the difference between an ionic and a...Ch. 2 - Identify each of the following molecules or...Ch. 2 - What are hydrogen bonds, and how do they form?Ch. 2 - Prob. 7CYRCh. 2 - Prob. 8CYRCh. 2 - Which of the following would not result in an...Ch. 2 - 10. An enzyme is a:
a. biological catalyst that...Ch. 2 - Prob. 11CYRCh. 2 - With respect to their solubility in water,...Ch. 2 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 2 - A salt is: a. a metal cation bonded to a nonmetal...Ch. 2 - 15. Compare and contrast the structures of...Ch. 2 - 16. Mark the following statements as true or...Ch. 2 - 17. Why is it important for a protein to maintain...Ch. 2 - Which of the following is not part of a...Ch. 2 - 19. Mark the following properties as belonging to...Ch. 2 - Which of the following statements is/are true...Ch. 2 - 1. In certain types of radioactive decay, the...Ch. 2 - Considering that water is a main component of the...Ch. 2 - 3. Explain why monosaccharides are polar and fatty...Ch. 2 - 1. The polysaccharide cellulose is not digestible...Ch. 2 - Some claim that the pH of your blood can be...Ch. 2 - Prob. 3AYKCh. 2 - Prob. 5AYKCh. 2 - You have just dropped some phospholipids into...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Phospholipid molecules were suspended in a mixture made up of water/oil. Describe the molecular arrangement that will occur and provide explanation for the arrangement of the molecules in the aqueous/oil mixture environment and its application in cell membrane functionsarrow_forwardFor each of the following false statements, change the statement to make it true and explain your reasoning.(a) Because membranes have a hydrophobic interior, polar and charged molecules cannot pass through membranes.arrow_forwardWhen a water droplet is placed in an oil solution, the phospholipids will form a micelle as shown. Explain why the phospholipids become organized in this way. Oil Waterarrow_forward
- Which of the following describes how regions of phospholipids are arranged in the cell membrane? Hydrophobic fatty acid regions are positioned toward polar environments. Hydrophilic phosphate regions are positioned toward nonpolar environments. Hydrophilic phosphate regions face each other within the interior of the cell membrane. Hydrophobic fatty acid regions face each other within the interior of the cell membrane.arrow_forwardSnake venom contains the enzyme phospholipase A2, which cleaves the fatty acid at position 2 of a phospholipid. Draw a phospholipid of your choice. Then draw the same phospholipid, but after it has been cleaved by phospholipase A2. How would this change affect the structure of a cell membrane?arrow_forwardA) Briefly describe the basic structure of phospholipids and explain how they can provide an effective barrier against the unregulated movement of molecules into or out of cells. B) Not all phospholipids are identical to one another. Describe two components (parts) of that can be altered to create variation between different phospholipids.arrow_forward
- Lipid bilayers form spontaneously in a process driven by the hydrophobic effect. Explain how the hydrophobic effect drives bilayer formation from individual lipids in an aqueous environment. Describe how the physical properties of the lipid bilayer are determined by the chemical properties of the membrane lipid components. Diagrams are encouraged for both parts of the question.arrow_forwardPlease describe the characteristics of a phospholipid molecule. Where is the molecule foundarrow_forwardList the following compounds in order of increasing lipid bilayer permeability: RNA, Ca2+, glucose, ethanol, n2, water.arrow_forward
- In an experiment, a 0.001 (mole fraction) solution of polysaccharide in water is made and is placed in the compartment A. Compartment B is filled with pure water. The two compartments are separated by a porous semi-permeable membrane that allows the exchange of water molecules between the two compartments, but not that of the larger polysaccharide molecules. part 1: Show that the chemical potential of water in compartment A is lower than that in compartment B by 2.48 J/mol.arrow_forwardA phospholipid can be used to do all the following except O Increase the fluidity with the presence of unsaturated fatty acid tails. create a bi-layer membrane using amphipathic properties. form a micelle using a single layer and a hydrophobic core. O connect to a glycerol molecule to create a triacylglyceride.arrow_forwardA membrane consists of 50% protein by weight and 50% phosphoglycerides by weight. The average molecular weight of the lipids is 800 Da, and the average molecular weight of the proteins is 50,000 Da. Calculate the molar ratio of lipid to protein.arrow_forward
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