Chapter 2, Problem 41P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Based on your knowledge of periodic table and its trends identify / classify the given elements as metals, metalloids and non metals.

Argon.

Concept Introduction:

In periodic table we classify elements as metal, nonmetal and metalloid.

Metals are characterized by low ionization potential. They can easily lose electrons and get oxidized.

Non metals are characterized by negative electron gain enthalpy or less more tendencies to gain electron than to lose electron. So they easily get reduced as compared to metals.

Metalloids have properties in between metals and non metals.

Answer to Problem 41P

Argon: non metal.

Explanation of Solution

The metallic property is related to the tendency to lose electrons.

Lower the ionization potential of an element more the tendency to lose electron and hence more metallic character.

On moving down the group the size increases, effective nuclear charge decreases hence the ionization potential decreases, metallic character increases.

Along period, generally size decreases, effective nuclear charge increases hence the ionization potential increases, metallic character decreases.

Argon: It is a non metal and it cannot lose electron easily.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Based on your knowledge of periodic table and its trends identify the following element as metals, metalloids and non metals.

Boron.

Concept Introduction:

In periodic table we classify elements as metal, nonmetal and metalloid.

Metals are characterized by low ionization potential. They can easily lose electrons and get oxidized.

Non metals are characterized by negative electron gain enthalpy or less more tendencies to gain electron than to lose electron. So they easily get reduced as compared to metals.

Metalloids have properties in between metals and non metals.

Answer to Problem 41P

Boron: metalloid.

Explanation of Solution

The metallic property is related to the tendency to lose electrons.

Lower the ionization potential of an element more the tendency to lose electron and hence more metallic character.

On moving down the group the size increases, effective nuclear charge decreases hence the ionization potential decreases, metallic character increases.

Along period, generally size decreases, effective nuclear charge increases hence the ionization potential increases, metallic character decreases.

Boron: metalloid, the ionization potential is in between metal and non metals.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Based on your knowledge of periodic table and its trends identify the following element as metals, metalloids and non metals.

Lead.

Concept Introduction:

In periodic table we classify elements as metal, nonmetal and metalloid.

Metals are characterized by low ionization potential. They can easily lose electrons and get oxidized.

Non metals are characterized by negative electron gain enthalpy or less more tendencies to gain electron than to lose electron. So they easily get reduced as compared to metals.

Metalloids have properties in between metals and non metals.

Answer to Problem 41P

Lead: Metal.

Explanation of Solution

The metallic property is related to the tendency to lose electrons.

Lower the ionization potential of an element more the tendency to lose electron and hence more metallic character.

On moving down the group the size increases, effective nuclear charge decreases hence the ionization potential decreases, metallic character increases.

Along period, generally size decreases, effective nuclear charge increases hence the ionization potential increases, metallic character decreases.

Lead: Metal (transition metals have low ionization potential and are metals).

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Based on your knowledge of periodic table and its trends identify the following element as metals, metalloids and non metals.

Arsenic.

Concept Introduction:

In periodic table we classify elements as metal, nonmetal and metalloid.

Metals are characterized by low ionization potential. They can easily lose electrons and get oxidized.

Non metals are characterized by negative electron gain enthalpy or less more tendencies to gain electron than to lose electron. So they easily get reduced as compared to metals.

Metalloids have properties in between metals and non metals.

Answer to Problem 41P

Arsenic: Metalloid.

Explanation of Solution

The metallic property is related to the tendency to lose electrons.

Lower the ionization potential of an element more the tendency to lose electron and hence more metallic character.

On moving down the group the size increases, effective nuclear charge decreases hence the ionization potential decreases, metallic character increases.

Along period, generally size decreases, effective nuclear charge increases hence the ionization potential increases, metallic character decreases.

Arsenic: Metalloid, the ionization potential is in between metal and non metals.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Based on your knowledge of periodic table and its trends identify the following element as metals, metalloids and non metals.

Potassium.

Concept Introduction:

In periodic table we classify elements as metal, nonmetal and metalloid.

Metals are characterized by low ionization potential. They can easily lose electrons and get oxidized.

Non metals are characterized by negative electron gain enthalpy or less more tendencies to gain electron than to lose electron. So they easily get reduced as compared to metals.

Metalloids have properties in between metals and non metals.

Answer to Problem 41P

Potassium: metal.

Explanation of Solution

The metallic property is related to the tendency to lose electrons.

Lower the ionization potential of an element more the tendency to lose electron and hence more metallic character.

On moving down the group the size increases, effective nuclear charge decreases hence the ionization potential decreases, metallic character increases.

Along period, generally size decreases, effective nuclear charge increases hence the ionization potential increases, metallic character decreases.

Potassium: metal (alkali metals can easily lose outermost electron to gain noble gas configuration).

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

Based on your knowledge of periodic table and its trends identify the following element as metals, metalloids and non metals.

Silicon.

Concept Introduction:

In periodic table we classify elements as metal, nonmetal and metalloid.

Metals are characterized by low ionization potential. They can easily lose electrons and get oxidized.

Non metals are characterized by negative electron gain enthalpy or less more tendencies to gain electron than to lose electron. So they easily get reduced as compared to metals.

Metalloids have properties in between metals and non metals.

Answer to Problem 41P

Silicon: metalloid.

Explanation of Solution

The metallic property is related to the tendency to lose electrons.

Lower the ionization potential of an element more the tendency to lose electron and hence more metallic character.

On moving down the group the size increases, effective nuclear charge decreases hence the ionization potential decreases, metallic character increases.

Along period, generally size decreases, effective nuclear charge increases hence the ionization potential increases, metallic character decreases.

Silicon: metalloid, the ionization potential is in between metal and non metals.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

Based on your knowledge of periodic table and its trends identify the following element as metals, metalloids and non metals.

Iodine.

Concept Introduction:

In periodic table we classify elements as metal, nonmetal and metalloid.

Metals are characterized by low ionization potential. They can easily lose electrons and get oxidized.

Non metals are characterized by negative electron gain enthalpy or less more tendencies to gain electron than to lose electron. So they easily get reduced as compared to metals.

Metalloids have properties in between metals and non metals.

Answer to Problem 41P

Iodine: non metal.

Explanation of Solution

The metallic property is related to the tendency to lose electrons.

Lower the ionization potential of an element more the tendency to lose electron and hence more metallic character.

On moving down the group the size increases, effective nuclear charge decreases hence the ionization potential decreases, metallic character increases.

Along period, generally size decreases, effective nuclear charge increases hence the ionization potential increases, metallic character decreases.

Iodine: non metal, need one electron to attain noble gas configuration so have high electron gain enthalpy (negative).

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

Based on your knowledge of periodic table and its trends identify the following element as metals, metalloids and non metals.

Antimony.

Concept Introduction:

In periodic table we classify elements as metal, nonmetal and metalloid.

Metals are characterized by low ionization potential. They can easily lose electrons and get oxidized.

Non metals are characterized by negative electron gain enthalpy or less more tendencies to gain electron than to lose electron. So they easily get reduced as compared to metals.

Metalloids have properties in between metals and non metals.

Answer to Problem 41P

Antimony: metalloid.

Explanation of Solution

The metallic property is related to the tendency to lose electrons.

Lower the ionization potential of an element more the tendency to lose electron and hence more metallic character.

On moving down the group the size increases, effective nuclear charge decreases hence the ionization potential decreases, metallic character increases.

Along period, generally size decreases, effective nuclear charge increases hence the ionization potential increases, metallic character decreases.

Antimony: metalloid, the ionization potential is in between metal and non metals.

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

Based on your knowledge of periodic table and its trends identify the following element as metals, metalloids and non metals.

Vanadium.

Concept Introduction:

In periodic table we classify elements as metal, nonmetal and metalloid.

Metals are characterized by low ionization potential. They can easily lose electrons and get oxidized.

Non metals are characterized by negative electron gain enthalpy or less more tendencies to gain electron than to lose electron. So they easily get reduced as compared to metals.

Metalloids have properties in between metals and non metals.

Answer to Problem 41P

Vanadium: metal.

Explanation of Solution

The metallic property is related to the tendency to lose electrons.

Lower the ionization potential of an element more the tendency to lose electron and hence more metallic character.

On moving down the group the size increases, effective nuclear charge decreases hence the ionization potential decreases, metallic character increases.

Along period, generally size decreases, effective nuclear charge increases hence the ionization potential increases, metallic character decreases.

Vanadium: Metal (transition metals have low ionization potential and are metals).

Interpretation Introduction

(j)

Interpretation:

Based on your knowledge of periodic table and its trends identify the following element as metals, metalloids and non metals.

Sulfur.

Concept Introduction:

In periodic table we classify elements as metal, nonmetal and metalloid.

Metals are characterized by low ionization potential. They can easily lose electrons and get oxidized.

Non metals are characterized by negative electron gain enthalpy or less more tendencies to gain electron than to lose electron. So they easily get reduced as compared to metals.

Metalloids have properties in between metals and non metals.

Answer to Problem 41P

Sulfur: non metal.

Explanation of Solution

The metallic property is related to the tendency to lose electrons.

Lower the ionization potential of an element more the tendency to lose electron and hence more metallic character.

On moving down the group the size increases, effective nuclear charge decreases hence the ionization potential decreases, metallic character increases.

Along period, generally size decreases, effective nuclear charge increases hence the ionization potential increases, metallic character decreases.

Sulfur: non metal, cannot lose electron easily.

Interpretation Introduction

(k)

Interpretation:

Based on your knowledge of periodic table and its trends identify the following element as metals, metalloids and non metals.

Nitrogen.

Concept Introduction:

In periodic table we classify elements as metal, nonmetal and metalloid.

Metals are characterized by low ionization potential. They can easily lose electrons and get oxidized.

Non metals are characterized by negative electron gain enthalpy or less more tendencies to gain electron than to lose electron. So they easily get reduced as compared to metals.

Metalloids have properties in between metals and non metals.

Answer to Problem 41P

Nitrogen: non metal.

Explanation of Solution

The metallic property is related to the tendency to lose electrons.

Lower the ionization potential of an element more the tendency to lose electron and hence more metallic character.

On moving down the group the size increases, effective nuclear charge decreases hence the ionization potential decreases, metallic character increases.

Along period, generally size decreases, effective nuclear charge increases hence the ionization potential increases, metallic character decreases.

Nitrogen: non metal, cannot lose electron easily.