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Concept explainers
Materials Needed:
- Alka-Seltzer tablets (8)
- 1/4 cup of water
- 2 small plastic cups
- Sealable plastic bag (1)
- Kitchen scale
Can you observe the law of conservation of matter if a gas is produced in a
The law of conservation of matter states that atoms are not created or destroyed during a chemical reaction. For your experiment, we are challenging you to demonstrate this law through the dissolution of Alka-Seltzer tablets in water.
Alka-Seltzer tablets function as an antacid and pain reliever, with aspirin as the analgesic. When the tablets are dissolved in water, citric acid and sodium bicarbonate are dissolved and react to form water and carbon dioxide. The formed sodium citrate and aspirin are dissolved in the water and can be consumed to help with heartburn and pain relief. In this experiment, you can observe whether or not atoms are lost in the reaction, and, therefore, you are observing the law of conservation of matter.
First, measure 1/3 cup of water into a small plastic cup. Record the weight of the water and the cup using a kitchen scale. (Hint: set it to grams.) Drop 4 Alka-Seltzer tablets into the water and immediately record the total weight. Write down your observations as the tablets dissolve in the water. What observations can you make about the mixture?
After the reaction is completed, measure the final weight of the mixture. Did you see a difference in the weight before and after the reaction?
For the next step, run the reaction again, but this time, place both the 1/3 cup of water and the 4 Alka-Seltzer tablets on opposite sides of the plastic bag. Seal the bag and then move the Alka-Seltzer tablets into the cup of water. Be sure to record the total weight of the mixture in the bag before and after the reaction.
2. Did you see a change in the weight of the mixture in the sealed bag? Why or why not?
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Chemistry for Changing Times
- The age of the universe is unknown, but some conclude from measuring Hubbles constant that the age is about 18 billion years old, which is about four times the age of Earth. If so, calculate the age of the universe in seconds. If you had a sample of carbon with the same number of carbon atoms as there have been seconds since the universe began, determine whether you could measure this sample on a laboratory balance that can detect masses as small as 0.1 mg.arrow_forward3.116 The simplest approximate chemical formula for the human body could be written as C728H4850O1970N104Ca24P16K4S4Na3Cl2Mg. Based on this formula, describe how you would rank by mass the ten most abundant elements in the human body.arrow_forward3.13 An explosive whose chemical formula is C3H6N6O6 produces water, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen gas when detonated in oxygen. Write the chemical equation for the detonation reaction of this explosive.arrow_forward
- When the supply of oxygen is limited, iron metal reacts with oxygen to produce a mixture of FeO and Fe2O3. In a certain experiment, 20.00 g iron metal was reacted with 11.20 g oxygen gas. After the experiment, the iron was totally consumed, and 3.24 g oxygen gas remained. Calculate the amounts of FeO and Fe2O3 formed in this experiment.arrow_forwardWhich observations below describe chemical properties? (a) Sodium metal reacts violently with water. (b) The combustion of octane (a compound in gasoline) gives CO2 and H2O. (c) Chlorine is a green gas. (d) Heat is required to melt ice.arrow_forwardCopper atoms. (a) What is the average mass of one copper atom? (b) Students in a college computer science class once sued the college because they were asked to calculate the cost of one atom and could not do it. But you are in a chemistry course, and you can do this. (See E. Felsenthal, Wall Street Journal, May 9, 1995.) If the cost of 2.0-mm diameter copper wire (99.9995% pure] is currently 41.70 for 7.0 g, what is the cost of one copper atom?arrow_forward
- Chlorine exists mainly as two isotopes, 37Cl and 33Cl. Which is more abundant? How do you know?arrow_forwardAn element X bas five major isotopes, which are listed below along with their abundances. What is the element? Isotope Percent Natural Abundance Mass (u) 46x 8.00% 45.95232 47x 7.30% 46.951764 48x 73.80% 47.947947 49x 5.50% 48.947841 50x 5.40% 49.944792arrow_forward3.107 As computer processor speeds increase, it is necessary for engineers to increase the number of circuit elements packed into a given area. Individual circuit elements are often connected using very small copper “wires” deposited directly onto the surface of the chip. In some processors, these copper interconnects are about 22 nm wide. How many copper atoms would be in a 1-mm length of such an interconnect, assuming a square cross section? (The density of copper is 8.96 g/cm3.)arrow_forward
- 3.112 In one experiment, the burning of 0.614 g of sulfur produced 1.246 g of sulfur dioxide as its only product. In a second experiment run to verify the outcome of the first, a sample was burned and 0.813 g of sulfur dioxide was obtained, but the student running the experiment forgot to determine the initial mass of sulfur burned. Describe how the data already obtained could be used to calculate the initial mass of the sulfur burned in the second experiment.arrow_forwardhat do the coefficients of a balanced chemical equation tell us about the proportions in which atoms and molecules react on an individual (microscopic) basis?arrow_forwardIs there a difference between a homogeneous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen in a 2:1 mole ratio and a sample of water vapor? Explain.arrow_forward
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