Life in the Universe (4th Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134089089
Author: Jeffrey O. Bennett, Seth Shostak
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 27TYU
God created the laws of motion that were discovered by Newton.
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Newton's Law of Gravitation says that the magnitude F of the force exerted by a body of mass m on a body of mass M is
F = GmM/r2
where G is the gravitational constant and r is the distance between the bodies.
(a) Find dF/dr.
What is the meaning of dF/dr?
dF/dr represents the rate of change of the force with respect to the distance between the bodies.
dF/dr represents the rate of change of the mass with respect to the distance between the bodies.
dF/dr represents the rate of change of the distance between the bodies with respect to the force.
dF/dr represents the rate of change of the mass with respect to the force.
dF/dr represents the amount of force per distance.
What does the minus sign indicate?
The minus sign indicates that the force between the bodies is decreasing.
The minus sign indicates that as the distance between the bodies increases, the magnitude of the force decreases.
The minus sign indicates that as the distance between the bodies decreases, the…
The mass of Mars is 6.42 × 10^23 kg. Its moon Phobos is 9.378 x 10^6 meters away from Mars, with a mass of 1.06 × 10^16 kg and a period of 7.66 hours. It's moon Deimos has a mass of 1.4762x10^15 kg and a period
of 30.3 hours.
a) Use Kepler's 3rd law to determine the orbital distance
between Mars and Deimos? b) What is the tangential velocity of Phobos,
using the formula v (tangential) = sqrt (G x m(central)/ r)? c) What is the gravitational force of attraction between Mars and Phobos.
Newton's Law of Gravitation says that the magnitude F of the force exerted by a body of mass m on a body of mass M is
GmM
F=
where G is the gravitational constant and r is the distance between the bodies.
(a) Find dF/dr.
dF
dr
=
What is the meaning of dF/dr?
O dF/dr represents the amount of force per distance.
O dF/dr represents the rate of change of the mass with respect to the distance between the bodies.
O dF/dr represents the rate of change of the distance between the bodies with respect to the force.
O dF/dr represents the rate of change of the mass with respect to the force.
O dF/dr represents the rate of change of the force with respect to the distance between the bodies.
What does the minus sign indicate?
O The minus sign indicates that the force between the bodies is decreasing.
O The minus sign indicates that as the distance between the bodies increases, the magnitude of the force decreases.
O The minus sign indicates that as the distance between the bodies increases, the…
Chapter 2 Solutions
Life in the Universe (4th Edition)
Ch. 2 - Describe at least three characteristics of Greek...Ch. 2 - What do we mean by a model of nature? Summarize...Ch. 2 - What is apparent retrograde motion, and why was it...Ch. 2 - Who first proposed the idea that Earth is a planet...Ch. 2 - Prob. 5RQCh. 2 - What was the Copernican revolution, and how did it...Ch. 2 - Why didnt Copernicuss model gain immediate...Ch. 2 - State and explain each of Keplers laws of...Ch. 2 - Briefly describe three reasonable objections to...Ch. 2 - How did Newtons discoveries about the laws of...
Ch. 2 - How did the Copernican revolution affect scholarly...Ch. 2 - What is the difference between a hypothesis and a...Ch. 2 - Describe each of the three hallmarks of science...Ch. 2 - What is Occams razor? Give an example of how it...Ch. 2 - Why doesnt science accept personal testimony as...Ch. 2 - In what sense is gravity both a fact and a theory?...Ch. 2 - What is Newtons universal law of gravitation?...Ch. 2 - Prob. 18RQCh. 2 - Lionel Messi is the best soccer player of his...Ch. 2 - Several kilometers below its surface, Europa has...Ch. 2 - My house is haunted by ghosts, who make the...Ch. 2 - There are no lakes or seas on Mars today.Ch. 2 - All life in the universe must use DNA as its...Ch. 2 - Children born when Jupiter is in the constellation...Ch. 2 - Prob. 25TYUCh. 2 - Newtons law of gravity explains the orbits of...Ch. 2 - God created the laws of motion that were...Ch. 2 - Prob. 28TYUCh. 2 - In Ptolemys geocentric model, the retrograde...Ch. 2 - Which of the following was not a major advantage...Ch. 2 - Earth is closer to the Sun in January than in...Ch. 2 - According to Keplers third law, (a) Mercury...Ch. 2 - Tycho Brahes contributions to astronomy included...Ch. 2 - Galileos contributions to astronomy included (a)...Ch. 2 - Which of the following is not true about...Ch. 2 - Which of the following is not true about a...Ch. 2 - How did the Copernican revolution alter...Ch. 2 - When Einsteins theory of gravity (general...Ch. 2 - Greek Models. As we discussed in this chapter, the...Ch. 2 - Copernican Players. Using a bulleted list format,...Ch. 2 - Atomists and Aristotelians. The ancient Greek...Ch. 2 - Influence on History. Based on what you have...Ch. 2 - Sedna Orbit. The object Sedna orbits our Sun at an...Ch. 2 - Eris Orbit. The dwarf planet Eris, which is...Ch. 2 - New Planet Orbit. A newly discovered planet orbits...Ch. 2 - Halleys Orbit. Halleys Comet orbits the Sun every...Ch. 2 - Newtons Universal Law of Gravitation. a. How does...Ch. 2 - Science and Religion. Science and religion are...Ch. 2 - The Impact of Science. The modern world is filled...Ch. 2 - Absolute Truth. An important issue in the...Ch. 2 - Pseudoscience. Choose a pseudoscientific claim...Ch. 2 - Prob. 60WP
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- A newly discovered planet has four times the mass of the Earth, but a person's weight on the new planet's surface is the same as the person's weight on the Earth's surface. The radius of the new planet in terms of the radius R of Earth isarrow_forwardOne of the first things you learn in physics class is the law of universal gravitation, F = G (m1m2 /r2 ), where F is the attractive force between two bodies, m1 and m2 are the masses of the two bodies, r is the distance between the two bodies, and G is the universal gravitational constant equal to (6.67428 ± 0.00067) × 10−11 [the units of G are not given here]. (a) Calculate the SI units of G. For consistency, give your answer in terms of kg, m, and s. (b) Suppose you don’t remember the law of universal gravitation, but you are clever enough to know that F is a function of G, m1, m2, and r. Use dimensional analysis and the method of repeating variables (show all your work) to generate a nondimensional expression for F = F(G, m1, m2, r). Give your answer as Π1 = function of (Π2, Π3, …). (c) Dimensional analysis cannot yield the exact form of the function. However, compare your result to the law of universal gravitation to find the form of the functionarrow_forwardThe planet Jupiter rotates every 9.9 hours and has a diameter of 88 846 miles. If you’re standing on its equator, how fast are you travelingarrow_forward
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