
Concept explainers
Answer the following questions about esmolol, a drug used to treat high blood pressure sold under the trade name Brevibloc.
a. Label the most acidic hydrogen atom in esmolol.
b. What products are formed when esmolol is treated with
c. What products are formed when esmolol is treated with
d. Label all
e. Label the only triagonal pyramidal atom.
f. Label all C’s that bear

(a)
Interpretation: The most acidic hydrogen in the compound esmolol is to be labeled.
Concept introduction: The most acidic hydrogen
Answer to Problem 2.71P
The labeling of the most acidic hydrogen present in the compound esmolol is shown below.
Explanation of Solution
The most acidic hydrogen in the compound esmolol is shown as,
Figure 1
According to the structure of esmolol, there are three elements present in the compound to which protons are bonded. The acidity increases while moving left to right in the period due to an increase in the electronegativity of the elements. Thus, oxygen atom is located at the extreme right position in the periodic table and is highly electronegative than carbon and nitrogen. Thus, the proton that is attached to oxygen atom is the most acidic one as shown above.
The labeling of the most acidic hydrogen present in the compound esmolol is shown in Figure 1.

(b)
Interpretation: The products formed by the reaction of esmolol with
Concept introduction: An atom or a group of atoms that shows characteristic physical and chemical properties are collectively known as functional groups. The functional group is the most reactive part present in the molecule. The main functional groups are
According to Bronsted-Lowry theory, the species that easily accept the proton is known as base and the species that easily donate the proton is known as acid. The reaction of an acid with a base always leads to the formation of conjugate acid and base.
Answer to Problem 2.71P
The products formed by the reaction of esmolol with
Explanation of Solution
The reaction of esmolol with
Figure 2
In the above reaction, first of all,
The products formed by the reaction of esmolol with

(c)
Interpretation: The products formed by the reaction of esmolol with
Concept introduction: An atom or a group of atoms that shows characteristic physical and chemical properties are collectively known as functional groups. The functional group is the most reactive part present in the molecule. The main functional groups are
According to Bronsted-Lowry theory, the species that easily tends to accept the proton is known as base and the species that easily donate the proton is known as acid. The reaction of an acid with a base always leads to the formation of conjugate acid and base.
Answer to Problem 2.71P
The products formed by the reaction of esmolol with
Explanation of Solution
The reaction of esmolol with
Figure 3
In the above reaction, a proton of
The products formed by the reaction of esmolol with

(d)
Interpretation: The
Concept introduction: The intermixing of
Answer to Problem 2.71P
The labeling of
Explanation of Solution
The labeling of
Figure 4
According to the structure of esmolol, there are total seven
The labeling of

(e)
Interpretation: The triagonal pyramidal atom present in the compound, esmolol is to be labeled.
Concept introduction: The atoms that possess
Answer to Problem 2.71P
The labeling of triagonal pyramidal atom present in the compound, esmolol is shown below.
Explanation of Solution
The labeling of triagonal pyramidal atom present in the compound, esmolol is shown as,
Figure 5
According to the structure of esmolol, nitrogen atom is present which is bonded to two carbon atoms and one hydrogen atom along with lone pair of electrons. This bonding of atoms with nitrogen results in the formation of
The labeling of triagonal pyramidal atom present in the compound, esmolol is shown in Figure 5.

(f)
Interpretation: All
Concept introduction: The
Answer to Problem 2.71P
The labeling of all
Explanation of Solution
The labeling of all
Figure 6
According to the structure of esmolol, the carbon atoms that are attached to nitrogen and oxygen possess
The labeling of all
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