Organic Chemistry - Standalone book
Organic Chemistry - Standalone book
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780073511214
Author: Francis A Carey Dr., Robert M. Giuliano
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
bartleby

Concept explainers

bartleby

Videos

Textbook Question
Book Icon
Chapter 2, Problem 26P

What is the hybridization of each carbon in CH 3 CH= CHC  CH ? What are the CCC bond angles?

Expert Solution & Answer
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hybridization of each carbon atom in the given molecule is to be determined along with the CCC bond angles.

Concept introduction:

A carbon atom is said to be sp3 hybridized if it is connected to four atoms by a single covalent bond; sp2 hybridized if it is connected to three atoms by single and double covalent bonds and sp hybridized if it is connected to two atoms by single and triple covalent bonds.

Multiple bonds are treated as a unit while determining the hybridization of different atoms in a molecule. For sp3 hybridization, the bond angles between the atoms is 109.5o. For sp2 hybridization, the bond angles between the atoms is 120o while for sp hybridization, the bond angle is 180o.

Answer to Problem 26P

Solution:

Organic Chemistry - Standalone book, Chapter 2, Problem 26P , additional homework tip  1

Carbon (1) is sp hybridized since it is connected to two other atoms by single and triple covalent bonds.

Carbon (2) is sp hybridized since it is connected to two other atoms by single and triple covalent bonds.

Carbon (3) is sp2 hybridized since it is directly connected to three other atoms by single and double covalent bonds.

Carbon (4) is sp2 hybridized since it is directly connected to three other atoms by single and double bonds.

Carbon (5) is sp3 hybridized since it is directly connected to four other atoms by single covalent bonds.

For carbon (1), (2), and (3), the central carbon is (2). Carbon (2) is sp hybridized. An sp hybridized carbon has a linear geometry, and the bond angle is 180.

For carbon (2), (3), and (4), the central carbon is (3). Carbon (3) is sp2 hybridized. An sp2 hybridized carbon has a trigonal planar geometry and the bond angle is 120.

For carbon (3), (4) and (5), the central carbon is (4). Carbon (4) is sp2 hybridized. An sp2 hybridized carbon has a trigonal planar geometry and the bond angle is 120.

Explanation of Solution

The structure for the given compound is:

Organic Chemistry - Standalone book, Chapter 2, Problem 26P , additional homework tip  2

We number each carbon atom in the above compound.

A carbon atom is said to be sp3 hybridized when it is directly connected to four other atoms. Carbon (5) is sp3 hybridized as it is directly bonded to four other atoms.

A carbon atom is said to be sp2 hybridized when it is directly connected to three other atoms. Both carbon (3) and carbon (4) are sp2 hybridized as each of them are connected to three other atoms by single and double covalent bonds.

A carbon atom is said to be sp hybridized when it is directly connected to two other atoms. Carbon (1) and carbon (2) are sp hybridized each as they are directly connected to two other atoms through single and triple covalent bonds.

For carbon (1), (2), and (3), the central carbon is (2). Carbon (2) is sp hybridized. An sp hybridized carbon has a linear geometry, and the bond angle is 180.

For carbon (2), (3), and (4), the central carbon is (3). Carbon (3) is sp2 hybridized. An sp2 hybridized carbon has a trigonal planar geometry, and the bond angle is 120.

For carbon (3), (4), and (5), the central carbon is (4). Carbon (4) is sp2 hybridized. An sp2 hybridized carbon has a trigonal planar geometry, and the bond angle is 120.

Conclusion

The hybridization of each carbon atom in the given molecule is sp, sp, sp2, sp2 and sp3. The CCC angles are equal to 180, 120 and 120.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!
Students have asked these similar questions
Using reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition Consider the following equilibrium: N2O4 (g) 2NO2 (g) AG⁰ = 5.4 kJ Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 1.68 atm of dinitrogen tetroxide (N204) at 148. °C. Answer the following questions about this system: rise Under these conditions, will the pressure of N2O4 tend to rise or fall? x10 fall Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding NO2? In other words, if you said the pressure of N2O4 will tend to rise, can that be changed to a tendency to fall by adding NO2? Similarly, if you said the pressure of N2O4 will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to rise by adding NO2? If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate the minimum pressure of NO 2 needed to reverse it. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. yes no 0.42 atm ☑ 5 0/5 ? مله Ar
Homework 13 (Ch17) Question 4 of 4 (1 point) | Question Attempt: 2 of 2 ✓ 1 ✓ 2 = 3 4 Time Remaining: 4:25:54 Using the thermodynamic information in the ALEKS Data tab, calculate the standard reaction free energy of the following chemical reaction: 2CH3OH (g)+302 (g) → 2CO2 (g) + 4H₂O (g) Round your answer to zero decimal places. ☐ kJ x10 ☐ Subm Check 2020 Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Ce
Identifying the major species in weak acid or weak base equilibria Your answer is incorrect. • Row 2: Your answer is incorrect. • Row 3: Your answer is incorrect. • Row 6: Your answer is incorrect. 0/5 The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at equilibrium. You can leave out water itself. Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row. You will find it useful to keep in mind that HF is a weak acid. acids: HF 0.1 mol of NaOH is added to 1.0 L of a 0.7M HF solution. bases: 0.13 mol of HCl is added to 1.0 L of a solution that is 1.0M in both HF and KF. Exponent other: F acids: HF bases: F other: K 1 0,0,... ? 000 18 Ar

Chapter 2 Solutions

Organic Chemistry - Standalone book

Ch. 2.16 - Prob. 11PCh. 2.17 - Prob. 12PCh. 2.18 - Prob. 13PCh. 2.20 - Prob. 14PCh. 2.21 - Match the boiling points with the appropriate...Ch. 2.22 - Write a balanced chemical equation for the...Ch. 2.22 - Using the data in Table 2.3, estimate the heat of...Ch. 2.22 - Prob. 18PCh. 2.22 - Prob. 19PCh. 2.23 - Prob. 20PCh. 2.23 - Which of the following reactions requires an...Ch. 2 - The general molecular formula for alkanes is...Ch. 2 - Prob. 23PCh. 2 - Prob. 24PCh. 2 - Prob. 25PCh. 2 - What is the hybridization of each carbon in...Ch. 2 - Prob. 27PCh. 2 - Does the overlap of two p orbitals in the fashion...Ch. 2 - Prob. 29PCh. 2 - Aphids secrete an alarm pheromone having the...Ch. 2 - All the parts of this problem refer to the alkane...Ch. 2 - Prob. 32PCh. 2 - Prob. 33PCh. 2 - Prob. 34PCh. 2 - From among the 18 constitutional isomers of C8H18,...Ch. 2 - Give the IUPAC name for each of the following...Ch. 2 - Using the method outlined in Section 2.16, give an...Ch. 2 - Prob. 38PCh. 2 - Write a balanced chemical equation for the...Ch. 2 - The heats of combustion of methane and butane are...Ch. 2 - In each of the following groups of compounds,...Ch. 2 - Given H for the reaction H2(g)+12O2(g)H2O(l)...Ch. 2 - Prob. 43PCh. 2 - Prob. 44PCh. 2 - Prob. 45PCh. 2 - Prob. 46PCh. 2 - Prob. 47PCh. 2 - Compound A undergoes the following reactions:...Ch. 2 - Prob. 49PCh. 2 - Some Biochemical Reactions of Alkanes Alkanes...Ch. 2 - Prob. 51DSPCh. 2 - Some Biochemical Reactions of Alkanes Alkanes...Ch. 2 - Prob. 53DSP
Knowledge Booster
Background pattern image
Chemistry
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Similar questions
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Text book image
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Chemistry
ISBN:9780534420123
Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079243
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Stoichiometry - Chemistry for Massive Creatures: Crash Course Chemistry #6; Author: Crash Course;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UL1jmJaUkaQ;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Bonding (Ionic, Covalent & Metallic) - GCSE Chemistry; Author: Science Shorts;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p9MA6Od-zBA;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
General Chemistry 1A. Lecture 12. Two Theories of Bonding.; Author: UCI Open;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dLTlL9Z1bh0;License: CC-BY