Concept explainers
Name these compounds: (a) Na2CrO4, (b) K2HPO4, (c) HBr (gas), (d) HBr (in water), (e) Li2CO3, (f) K2Cr2O7, (g) NH4NO2, (h) PF3, (i) PF5, (j) P4O6, (k) CdI2, (l) SrSO4, (m) Al(OH)3, (n) Na2CO3 · 10H2O.
(a)

Interpretation:
The given compound has to be named.
Concept Introduction:
The nomenclature of inorganic compounds involves following rules:
- The prefixes on each atom indicate the number of those atoms in the compound.
- The number written on the subscript of the anion is numerically equal to the charge on the cation and vice versa.
- Subscripts are discarded when the numerical charge on cation and anion are equal.
- When a metal has more than one positive oxidation state, its lowest oxidation number has name of the metal ion ending with ‘ous’ and highest oxidation number has name of the metal ion ending with ‘ic’. This rule is applicable when oxidation number of metal is not more than three.
- If a metal ion has multiple number of oxidation states more than three, then Roman numeral has to be used within square brackets to indicate the oxidation number of metal ion.
- Nomenclature of binary acids and oxoacids are not similar. Binary acids are named based on the non-metal atom present in them. Oxoacids are named on the basis of polyatomic anion present in them.
Answer to Problem 2.57QP
The given compound Na2CrO4 is named as Sodium chromate.
Explanation of Solution
Na2CrO4 has sodium Na, chromium Cr and oxygen O atoms. According to the nomenclature rules the subscript 2 on Na indicates charge on CrO4 therefore anion of this compound is CrO2−4 and cation is Na+. Hence, the name of CrO2−4 is chromate and so name of the compound is sodium chromate.
(b)

Interpretation:
The given compound has to be named.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
Answer to Problem 2.57QP
The given compound K2HPO4 is named as Potassium hydrogen phosphate.
Explanation of Solution
K2HPO4 has potassium K, hydrogen H, phosphorus P and oxygen O atoms. According to the nomenclature rules the subscript 2 on K indicates charge on HPO4 therefore anion of this compound is HPO2−4 and cation is Na+. Hence, the name of HPO2−4 is Hydrogen phosphate and so name of the compound is Potassium hydrogen phosphate.
(c)

Interpretation:
The given compound has to be named.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
Answer to Problem 2.57QP
The given compound HBr (gas) is named asHydrogen bromide.
Explanation of Solution
HBr has hydrogen H, and Bromine Br atoms. According to the nomenclature rules the subscript 1 on H indicates charge on Br therefore anion of this compound is Br− and cation is H+. Hence, name of Br− is bromide ion and so name of the compound isHydrogen bromide.
(d)

Interpretation:
The given compound has to be named.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
Answer to Problem 2.57QP
The given compound HBr (water) is named ashydrobromic acid.
Explanation of Solution
HBr in water forms acid. Binary acids are named based on the non-metal atom present in them. Hence, name of the compound is given as hydrobromic acid.
(e)

Interpretation:
The given compound has to be named.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
Answer to Problem 2.57QP
The given compound Li2CO3 is named as Lithium carbonate.
Explanation of Solution
Li2CO3 has Lithium, carbon and oxygen. The subscript 2 on Li indicates charge on CO3 . Thus the anion is CO2−3 and its name is carbonate. Name of the compound is given as Lithium carbonate.
(f)

Interpretation:
The given compound has to be named.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
Answer to Problem 2.57QP
The given compound K2Cr2O7 is named as Potassium dichromate.
Explanation of Solution
K2Cr2O7 has Potassium, chromium and oxygen. The subscript 2 on K indicates charge on Cr2O7 . Thus the anion is Cr2O2−7 and its name is dichromate with reference to table 2.3 in the text book. Name of the compound is given as Potassium dichromate.
(g)

Interpretation:
The given compound has to be named.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
Answer to Problem 2.57QP
The given compound NH4NO2 is named as ammonium nitrite.
Explanation of Solution
NH4NO2 has Nitrogen, Hydrogen and oxygen. The compound has cation NH+4 and anion NO−2 and their names are ammonium ion and nitrite ion respectively. Hence, name of the compound is given asammonium nitrite.
(h)

Interpretation:
The given compound has to be named.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
Answer to Problem 2.57QP
The given compound PF3 is named as phosphorus trifluoride.
Explanation of Solution
PF3 has phosphorus and Fluorine. It is not an ionic compound but covalent compound. F has greater electronegativity than P and hence its name should end with ‘ide’. Three F atoms are bonded to P and F gets the name trifluoride. According to nomenclature rules the compound is named as phosphorus trifluoride.
(i)

Interpretation:
The given compound has to be named.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
Answer to Problem 2.57QP
The given compound PF5 is named as phosphorus pentafluoride.
Explanation of Solution
PF5 has phosphorus and Fluorine. It is not an ionic compound but covalent compound. F has greater electronegativity than P and hence its name should end with ‘ide’. Five F atoms are bonded to P and F gets the name pentafluoride. According to nomenclature rules the compound is named as phosphorus pentafluoride.
(j)

Interpretation:
The given compound has to be named.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
Answer to Problem 2.57QP
The given compound P4O6 is named as tetraphosphorus hexoxide.
Explanation of Solution
P4O6 has phosphorus and oxygen. It is not an ionic compound but covalent compound. O has greater electronegativity than P and hence its name should end with ‘ide’. SixO atoms are bonded to P and O gets the name hexoxide. 4 P atoms are bonded to O and hence according to nomenclature rules the compound is named as tetraphosphorus hexoxide.
(k)

Interpretation:
The given compound has to be named.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
Answer to Problem 2.57QP
The given compound CdI2 is named as Cadmium iodide.
Explanation of Solution
CdI2 has cadmium and iodine. The subscript 2 on I indicates charge on Cd thus Cd2+ is the cation. The subscript 1 on Cd indicates charge on I thus I− is the cation and name of I− is iodide ion. Hence name of the compound is cadmium iodide.
(l)

Interpretation:
The given compound has to be named.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
Answer to Problem 2.57QP
The given compound SrSO4 is named as Strontium sulfate.
Explanation of Solution
SrSO4 has Strontium, Sulfur and oxygen. The compound has cation Sr2+ and anion SO2−4 and their names are strontium ion and sulfate ion respectively. Hence name of the compound is strontium sulfate.
(m)

Interpretation:
The given compound has to be named.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
Answer to Problem 2.57QP
The given compound Al(OH)3 is named as Aluminum hydroxide.
Explanation of Solution
The compound Al(OH)3 has cation Al3+ and anion OH− and their names are Aluminum ion and hydroxide ion are respectively. Hence name of the compound isAluminum hydroxide.
(n)

Interpretation:
The given compound has to be named.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
Answer to Problem 2.57QP
The given compound Na2CO3.10H2O is named as Sodium carbonate decahydrate.
Explanation of Solution
With reference to table 2.3 in the text book, anions and cations formed by various elements are named.
The compound Na2CO3.10H2O has cation Na+ and anion CO23− and the names of the ions are sodium ion and carbonate ion respectively. 10 water molecules are bonded to the molecule. Hence name of the compound is sodium carbonate decahydrate.
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Chapter 2 Solutions
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