Concept explainers
a)
To determine: The price of the call option.
Call option:
Call option is an arrangement which gives the option buyer the right but does not give the obligation to buy a stock, commodity, bond or any other instrument at a stated price within a particular period. The stock, bond, or commodity is called as the underlying asset.
b)
To use: A data table to show how a change in volatility changes the value of the option and give an intuitive explanation for the results.
c)
To use: A data table to show how a change in today’s stock price changes the option’s value and give an intuitive explanation for your results.
d)
To use: A data table to show how a change in the option’s duration changes the option’s value and give an intuitive explanation for the results.
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Practical Management Science, Loose-leaf Version
- It is January 1 of year 0, and Merck is trying to determine whether to continue development of a new drug. The following information is relevant. You can assume that all cash flows occur at the ends of the respective years. Clinical trials (the trials where the drug is tested on humans) are equally likely to be completed in year 1 or 2. There is an 80% chance that clinical trials will succeed. If these trials fail, the FDA will not allow the drug to be marketed. The cost of clinical trials is assumed to follow a triangular distribution with best case 100 million, most likely case 150 million, and worst case 250 million. Clinical trial costs are incurred at the end of the year clinical trials are completed. If clinical trials succeed, the drug will be sold for five years, earning a profit of 6 per unit sold. If clinical trials succeed, a plant will be built during the same year trials are completed. The cost of the plant is assumed to follow a triangular distribution with best case 1 billion, most likely case 1.5 billion, and worst case 2.5 billion. The plant cost will be depreciated on a straight-line basis during the five years of sales. Sales begin the year after successful clinical trials. Of course, if the clinical trials fail, there are no sales. During the first year of sales, Merck believe sales will be between 100 million and 200 million units. Sales of 140 million units are assumed to be three times as likely as sales of 120 million units, and sales of 160 million units are assumed to be twice as likely as sales of 120 million units. Merck assumes that for years 2 to 5 that the drug is on the market, the growth rate will be the same each year. The annual growth in sales will be between 5% and 15%. There is a 25% chance that the annual growth will be 7% or less, a 50% chance that it will be 9% or less, and a 75% chance that it will be 12% or less. Cash flows are discounted 15% per year, and the tax rate is 40%. Use simulation to model Mercks situation. Based on the simulation output, would you recommend that Merck continue developing? Explain your reasoning. What are the three key drivers of the projects NPV? (Hint: The way the uncertainty about the first year sales is stated suggests using the General distribution, implemented with the RISKGENERAL function. Similarly, the way the uncertainty about the annual growth rate is stated suggests using the Cumul distribution, implemented with the RISKCUMUL function. Look these functions up in @RISKs online help.)arrow_forwardMany investors buy land with the intention of subdividing it. True Falsearrow_forwardA power producing company wants to purchase a natural gas futures contract. It will use the natural gas to generate electricity. The company's position in natural gas is futures position should be underlying __, so its a) long, short; b) long, long; c) short, long; d) short, shortarrow_forward
- Explain why a business's liquidation value would be different from its going concern value. because the liquidation value contains the value of any real estate holdings, while the going concern value does not because the going concern value contains intangible, non- transferable assets like goodwill, while the liquidation value does not because the liquidation value includes the cost of the broker's commission, while the going concern value does not because the going concern value is calculated using replacement value, while the liquidation value is calculated using the cost methodarrow_forwardThe usual face value for most corporate bonds is $5,000.; True or Falsearrow_forwardExplain why a business's liquidation value would be different from its going concern value. because the liquidation value includes the cost of the broker's commission, while the going concern value does not because the liquidation value contains the value of any real estate holdings, while the going concern value does not because the going concern value contains intangible, non-transferable assets like goodwill, while the liquidation value does not because the going concern value is calculated using replacement value, while the liquidation value is calculated using the cost method +arrow_forward
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- The actual cash value of a property is BEST described as: OA its original cost only its original cost less depreciation its replacement cost less depreciation the cost to repair or rebuild the property OD. Rearrow_forwardConsider two equity market investors. The first investor is a hedge fund manager that relies on very active trading, and borrows from investment banks in order to leverage their investment. Their remuneration depends on total base fee earned by their fund as a percentage of net assets under management, plus a yearly bonus based on returns generated above a hurdle rate. The second investor is a high net-worth individual who is investing for their own retirement, which they anticipate to occur in 10 years or more. Identify three dimensions of risk that are likely to have significantly different impact on thesetwo investors. Explain the nature of the difference. Suggest aspects that each investor might monitor in order to control the risks most relevant to them.arrow_forwardFind the present values of these ordinary annuities. Discounting occurs once a year. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to the nearest cent. $400 per year for 10 years at 4%. $ $200 per year for 5 years at 2%. $ $300 per year for 6 years at 0%. $ Rework previous parts assuming they are annuities due. Present value of $400 per year for 10 years at 4%: $ Present value of $200 per year for 5 years at 2%: $ Present value of $300 per year for 6 years at 0%: $arrow_forward
- Practical Management ScienceOperations ManagementISBN:9781337406659Author:WINSTON, Wayne L.Publisher:Cengage,