Chapter 2, Problem 2.40UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The ground state electronic configuration of silicon has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The distribution of electrons in various orbitals is known as electronic configuration.

The filling of orbitals in the ground state is determined by the following rule:

Aufbau Principle:

The Aufbau principle states that in the ground state of an atom the orbital with lower energy are filled up first before the filling of the orbital with ah higher energy commences.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The valence electrons of silicon have to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Valence electrons:

Valence electrons are electrons that exist in the outermost shell surrounding an atomic nucleus.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron dot structure of silicon has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Electron dot structure:

A Lewis dot diagram is a representation of the valence electrons of an atom that uses dots around the symbol of the element.  The number of dots equals the number of valence electrons in the atom.

Example:

The valence electron of Mg is two it can be represented in electron dot structure as,