Chapter 2, Problem 2.38P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The element with higher ionization energy from $\text{Fe}$ and $\text{Ru}$ should be determined.

Concept introduction: The ionization energy represented by IE is amount of energy that is needed to remove outer most valence electrons from the isolated neutral gaseous atom.

  $\text{A}\to {\text{A}}^{+}+1e^{-}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The element with higher ionization energy from $\text{P}$ and $\text{S}$ should be determined.

Concept introduction: The ionization energy represented by IE is amount of energy that is needed to remove outer most valence electrons from the isolated neutral gaseous atom.

  $\text{A}\to {\text{A}}^{+}+1e^{-}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The element with higher ionization energy from $\text{K}$ and $\text{Br}$ should be determined.

Concept introduction: The ionization energy represented by IE is amount of energy that is needed to remove outer most valence electrons from the isolated neutral gaseous atom.

  $\text{A}\to {\text{A}}^{+}+1e^{-}$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The element with higher ionization energy from $\text{C}$ and $\text{N}$ should be determined.

Concept introduction: The ionization energy represented by IE is amount of energy that is needed to remove outer most valence electrons from the isolated neutral gaseous atom.

  $\text{A}\to {\text{A}}^{+}+1e^{-}$

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The element with higher ionization energy from $\text{Cd}$ and $\text{In}$ should be determined.

Concept introduction: The ionization energy represented by IE is amount of energy that is needed to remove outer most valence electrons from the isolated neutral gaseous atom.

  $\text{A}\to {\text{A}}^{+}+1e^{-}$

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The element with higher ionization energy from $\text{Cl}$ and $\text{F}$ should be determined.

Concept introduction: The ionization energy represented by IE is amount of energy that is needed to remove outer most valence electrons from the isolated neutral gaseous atom.

  $\text{A}\to {\text{A}}^{+}+1e^{-}$