
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The less stable isotope in the given pair has to be listed.
Concept introduction:
Neutron to proton ratio determines the stability of the nucleus. The elements which has low
- The nuclei which contain 2, 8, 20, 50, 82 or 126 protons or neutrons are more stable than nuclei that do not have these numbers of particles. This is also known as magic numbers.
- Nucleus that contains even number of protons and even number of neutrons are more stable than nucleus having odd number of protons and odd number of neutrons.
(b)
Interpretation:
The less stable isotope in the given pair has to be listed.
Concept introduction:
Neutron to proton ratio determines the stability of the nucleus. The elements which has low atomic number, neutron to proton ratio is close to 1 and this is more stable. When then atomic number increases, the neutron to proton ratio becomes greater than 1 and the nucleus becomes unstable.
- The nuclei which contain 2, 8, 20, 50, 82 or 126 protons or neutrons are more stable than nuclei that do not have these numbers of particles. This is also known as magic numbers.
- Nucleus that contains even number of protons and even number of neutrons are more stable than nucleus having odd number of protons and odd number of neutrons.
(c)
Interpretation:
The less stable isotope in the given pair has to be listed.
Concept introduction:
Neutron to proton ratio determines the stability of the nucleus. The elements which has low atomic number, neutron to proton ratio is close to 1 and this is more stable. When then atomic number increases, the neutron to proton ratio becomes greater than 1 and the nucleus becomes unstable.
- The nuclei which contain 2, 8, 20, 50, 82 or 126 protons or neutrons are more stable than nuclei that do not have these numbers of particles. This is also known as magic numbers.
- Nucleus that contains even number of protons and even number of neutrons are more stable than nucleus having odd number of protons and odd number of neutrons.

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Chapter 2 Solutions
Chemistry: Atoms First
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