Chapter 2, Problem 2.10P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of tungsten should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Answer to Problem 2.10P

Electronic configuration of tungsten is:

  $74=1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{6}6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^4$

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the sub-shell. The specific region of space in which the movements of electrons are confined is said to be shells which are divided into sub-shells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these sub-shells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The numbers of electrons that these sub-shells can hold are:

s-block - 2

p-block - 6

d-block - 10

f-block - 14

The increasing order of energy of shells, sub-shell is:

As the number of electrons for a neutral atom is equal to the atomic number of an atom so,

The atomic number of tungsten is = 74

The electronic configuration of tungsten is:

  $74=1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{6}6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^4$

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of cobalt should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Answer to Problem 2.10P

Electronic configuration of cobalt is:

  $27=1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^7$

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the sub-shell. The specific region of space in which the movements of electrons are confined is said to be shells which are divided into sub-shells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these sub-shells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The numbers of electrons that these sub-shells can hold are:

s-block - 2

p-block - 6

d-block - 10

f-block - 14

The increasing order of energy of shells, sub-shell is:

As the number of electrons for a neutral atom is equal to the atomic number of an atom so,

The atomic number of cobalt is = 27

The electronic configuration of cobalt is:

  $27=1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}3d^{7}4s^2$

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of zirconium should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Answer to Problem 2.10P

The electronic configuration of zirconium is:

  $40=1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}3d^{10}4s^{2}4p^{6}4d^{2}5s^2$

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the sub-shell. The specific region of space in which the movements of electrons are confined is said to be shells which are divided into sub-shells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these sub-shells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The numbers of electrons that these sub-shells can hold are:

s-block - 2

p-block - 6

d-block - 10

f-block - 14

The increasing order of energy of shells, sub-shell is:

As the number of electrons for a neutral atom is equal to the atomic number of an atom so,

The atomic number of zirconium is = 40

The electronic configuration of zirconium is;

  $40=1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}3d^{10}4s^{2}4p^{6}4d^{2}5s^2$

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of uranium should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Answer to Problem 2.10P

Electronic configuration of uranium is:

  $92=1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}3d^{10}4s^{2}4p^{6}4d^{10}5s^{2}5p^{6}4f^{1}5d^{10}6s^{2}6p^{6}5f^{3}6d^{1}7s^2$

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the sub-shell. The specific region of space in which the movements of electrons are confined is said to be shells which are divided into sub-shells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these sub-shells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The numbers of electrons that these sub-shells can hold are:

s-block - 2

p-block - 6

d-block - 10

f-block - 14

The increasing order of energy of shells, sub-shell is:

As the number of electrons for a neutral atom is equal to the atomic number of an atom so,

The electronic configuration of uranium is:

  $92=1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}3d^{10}4s^{2}4p^{6}4d^{10}5s^{2}5p^{6}4f^{1}5d^{10}6s^{2}6p^{6}5f^{3}6d^{1}7s^2$

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

The electronic configuration of aluminum should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom in an increasing order of energy levels and this description of orbitals of atom occupied by electrons is known as electronic configuration.

Answer to Problem 2.10P

Electronic configuration of aluminum is:

  $13=1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^1$

Explanation of Solution

Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the sub-shell. The specific region of space in which the movements of electrons are confined is said to be shells which are divided into sub-shells and are s-, p-, d-, and f-. Among these sub-shells, the electrons are grouped as orbitals.

The numbers of electrons that these sub-shells can hold are:

s-block - 2

p-block - 6

d-block - 10

f-block - 14

The increasing order of energy of shells, sub-shell is:

As the number of electrons for a neutral atom is equal to the atomic number of an atom so,

The atomic number of aluminum is = 13

The electronic configuration of aluminum is:

  $13=1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^1$