Review the kinds of evidence for evolution analyzed in Sections 2.1–2.5. List the sources of evidence that were available to Darwin and those that appeared later. For example, of the evidence for microevolution discussed in Section 2.1, Darwin knew, and wrote, about divergent strains of domestic plants and animals and about vestigial structures. However, in Darwin’s day no one had ever directly observed change across generations in natural populations. For each section, indicate which evidence you consider strongest and which you consider weakest. Explain why.

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 2, Problem 1Q

Review the kinds of evidence for evolution analyzed in Sections 2.1–2.5. List the sources of evidence that were available to Darwin and those that appeared later. For example, of the evidence for microevolution discussed in Section 2.1, Darwin knew, and wrote, about divergent strains of domestic plants and animals and about vestigial structures. However, in Darwin’s day no one had ever directly observed change across generations in natural populations. For each section, indicate which evidence you consider strongest and which you consider weakest. Explain why.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To review: The kinds of evidence for evolution analyzed.

Introduction: Science is the method of “acquiring knowledge” based on facts learned through experiments and observations. The applications and research studies on science help to improve the standard of lives.

Explanation of Solution

The kinds of evidence for evolution that are analyzed are grouped into 5 categories and are given as follows:

Evidence of speciation
Evidence of microevolution
Evidence from common ancestors
Evidence from macroevolution
The age of the Earth.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To list: The sources of evidence that were available to Darwin and those that appeared later.

Explanation of Solution

Evidence of microevolution: It is the study on the way in which the populations change over generations. Selective breeding is one of the situation in which microevolution can take place. Selective breeding is otherwise referred to as artificial selection and occurs when the humans selectively breed useful traits in organisms such as crops and livestock. Darwin knew about different strains of domestic plants and animals and included this in his work.

Evidence of speciation: It is a process of creating a new species from an older one. Both experiments in the laboratory and natural populations are examples of speciation. Evidence from natural populations, such as Darwin’s finches, is available for evidence.

Evidence from common ancestors: Similarity or homology between two organisms also gives the evidence for evolution. Anatomical homologies were known to Darwin but molecular homologies were not.

Evidence from macroevolution: It is the study of macroevolution changes in the fossil record. Fossils are any traces of organisms that lived in the past. The first type of fossil evidence is extinction and succession. Georges Cuvier found species that were only found in the fossil record. Others believed that they were the members of the current species.

The age of the Earth: Hutton suggests that the processes that are responsible for the formation of Earth are still happening today. Based on this, they started to make a geological time scale based on this type.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To explain: The evidence that is considered as the strongest and weakest and the reason corresponding to the decision.

Explanation of Solution

Microevolution is strong evidence for evolution; for example, vestigial structures in the hind limbs of wolves and whales. Wolves and whales are considered to share a common ancestor as whales have hind legs similar to wolves and other walking mammals.

In natural populations, speciation is strong evidence for evolution. Darwin’s finches are strong evidence for speciation that supports evolution.

Common ancestors provide strong evidence for evolution. Both chimps and bonobos shared repeats with humans, but less relative primates such as orangutans and gorillas do not.

Macroevolution provides strong evidence for evolution. Few transitional fossils were identified by Darwin, but a large number of fossils have been discovered today, which provide strong evidence for evolution.

The evidence of age of the Earth is considered as the weakest. The extreme age of the Earth is very important as the process of evolution is comparatively very slow. Without an old Earth, Darwin’s model of evolution would not be possible. Darwin did not know the age of Earth for his theory of evolution and was concerned about a possible young Sun, making the Earth even younger.

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A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation? The cell membranes are more resistant than normal. An isotonic solution had been added instead of water. A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water. Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet. The man had sickle-cell anaemia.

With reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobin

Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 2, Problem 1Q

Review the kinds of evidence for evolution analyzed in Sections 2.1–2.5. List the sources of evidence that were available to Darwin and those that appeared later. For example, of the evidence for microevolution discussed in Section 2.1, Darwin knew, and wrote, about divergent strains of domestic plants and animals and about vestigial structures. However, in Darwin’s day no one had ever directly observed change across generations in natural populations. For each section, indicate which evidence you consider strongest and which you consider weakest. Explain why.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To review: The kinds of evidence for evolution analyzed.

Introduction: Science is the method of “acquiring knowledge” based on facts learned through experiments and observations. The applications and research studies on science help to improve the standard of lives.

Explanation of Solution

The kinds of evidence for evolution that are analyzed are grouped into 5 categories and are given as follows:

Evidence of speciation
Evidence of microevolution
Evidence from common ancestors
Evidence from macroevolution
The age of the Earth.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To list: The sources of evidence that were available to Darwin and those that appeared later.

Explanation of Solution

Evidence of microevolution: It is the study on the way in which the populations change over generations. Selective breeding is one of the situation in which microevolution can take place. Selective breeding is otherwise referred to as artificial selection and occurs when the humans selectively breed useful traits in organisms such as crops and livestock. Darwin knew about different strains of domestic plants and animals and included this in his work.

Evidence of speciation: It is a process of creating a new species from an older one. Both experiments in the laboratory and natural populations are examples of speciation. Evidence from natural populations, such as Darwin’s finches, is available for evidence.

Evidence from common ancestors: Similarity or homology between two organisms also gives the evidence for evolution. Anatomical homologies were known to Darwin but molecular homologies were not.

Evidence from macroevolution: It is the study of macroevolution changes in the fossil record. Fossils are any traces of organisms that lived in the past. The first type of fossil evidence is extinction and succession. Georges Cuvier found species that were only found in the fossil record. Others believed that they were the members of the current species.

The age of the Earth: Hutton suggests that the processes that are responsible for the formation of Earth are still happening today. Based on this, they started to make a geological time scale based on this type.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To explain: The evidence that is considered as the strongest and weakest and the reason corresponding to the decision.

Explanation of Solution

Microevolution is strong evidence for evolution; for example, vestigial structures in the hind limbs of wolves and whales. Wolves and whales are considered to share a common ancestor as whales have hind legs similar to wolves and other walking mammals.

In natural populations, speciation is strong evidence for evolution. Darwin’s finches are strong evidence for speciation that supports evolution.

Common ancestors provide strong evidence for evolution. Both chimps and bonobos shared repeats with humans, but less relative primates such as orangutans and gorillas do not.

Macroevolution provides strong evidence for evolution. Few transitional fossils were identified by Darwin, but a large number of fossils have been discovered today, which provide strong evidence for evolution.

The evidence of age of the Earth is considered as the weakest. The extreme age of the Earth is very important as the process of evolution is comparatively very slow. Without an old Earth, Darwin’s model of evolution would not be possible. Darwin did not know the age of Earth for his theory of evolution and was concerned about a possible young Sun, making the Earth even younger.

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Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 2, Problem 1Q

Review the kinds of evidence for evolution analyzed in Sections 2.1–2.5. List the sources of evidence that were available to Darwin and those that appeared later. For example, of the evidence for microevolution discussed in Section 2.1, Darwin knew, and wrote, about divergent strains of domestic plants and animals and about vestigial structures. However, in Darwin’s day no one had ever directly observed change across generations in natural populations. For each section, indicate which evidence you consider strongest and which you consider weakest. Explain why.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To review: The kinds of evidence for evolution analyzed.

Introduction: Science is the method of “acquiring knowledge” based on facts learned through experiments and observations. The applications and research studies on science help to improve the standard of lives.

Explanation of Solution

The kinds of evidence for evolution that are analyzed are grouped into 5 categories and are given as follows:

Evidence of speciation
Evidence of microevolution
Evidence from common ancestors
Evidence from macroevolution
The age of the Earth.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To list: The sources of evidence that were available to Darwin and those that appeared later.

Explanation of Solution

Evidence of microevolution: It is the study on the way in which the populations change over generations. Selective breeding is one of the situation in which microevolution can take place. Selective breeding is otherwise referred to as artificial selection and occurs when the humans selectively breed useful traits in organisms such as crops and livestock. Darwin knew about different strains of domestic plants and animals and included this in his work.

Evidence of speciation: It is a process of creating a new species from an older one. Both experiments in the laboratory and natural populations are examples of speciation. Evidence from natural populations, such as Darwin’s finches, is available for evidence.

Evidence from common ancestors: Similarity or homology between two organisms also gives the evidence for evolution. Anatomical homologies were known to Darwin but molecular homologies were not.

Evidence from macroevolution: It is the study of macroevolution changes in the fossil record. Fossils are any traces of organisms that lived in the past. The first type of fossil evidence is extinction and succession. Georges Cuvier found species that were only found in the fossil record. Others believed that they were the members of the current species.

The age of the Earth: Hutton suggests that the processes that are responsible for the formation of Earth are still happening today. Based on this, they started to make a geological time scale based on this type.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To explain: The evidence that is considered as the strongest and weakest and the reason corresponding to the decision.

Explanation of Solution

Microevolution is strong evidence for evolution; for example, vestigial structures in the hind limbs of wolves and whales. Wolves and whales are considered to share a common ancestor as whales have hind legs similar to wolves and other walking mammals.

In natural populations, speciation is strong evidence for evolution. Darwin’s finches are strong evidence for speciation that supports evolution.

Common ancestors provide strong evidence for evolution. Both chimps and bonobos shared repeats with humans, but less relative primates such as orangutans and gorillas do not.

Macroevolution provides strong evidence for evolution. Few transitional fossils were identified by Darwin, but a large number of fossils have been discovered today, which provide strong evidence for evolution.

The evidence of age of the Earth is considered as the weakest. The extreme age of the Earth is very important as the process of evolution is comparatively very slow. Without an old Earth, Darwin’s model of evolution would not be possible. Darwin did not know the age of Earth for his theory of evolution and was concerned about a possible young Sun, making the Earth even younger.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 2, Problem 1Q

Review the kinds of evidence for evolution analyzed in Sections 2.1–2.5. List the sources of evidence that were available to Darwin and those that appeared later. For example, of the evidence for microevolution discussed in Section 2.1, Darwin knew, and wrote, about divergent strains of domestic plants and animals and about vestigial structures. However, in Darwin’s day no one had ever directly observed change across generations in natural populations. For each section, indicate which evidence you consider strongest and which you consider weakest. Explain why.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To review: The kinds of evidence for evolution analyzed.

Introduction: Science is the method of “acquiring knowledge” based on facts learned through experiments and observations. The applications and research studies on science help to improve the standard of lives.

Explanation of Solution

The kinds of evidence for evolution that are analyzed are grouped into 5 categories and are given as follows:

Evidence of speciation
Evidence of microevolution
Evidence from common ancestors
Evidence from macroevolution
The age of the Earth.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To list: The sources of evidence that were available to Darwin and those that appeared later.

Explanation of Solution

Evidence of microevolution: It is the study on the way in which the populations change over generations. Selective breeding is one of the situation in which microevolution can take place. Selective breeding is otherwise referred to as artificial selection and occurs when the humans selectively breed useful traits in organisms such as crops and livestock. Darwin knew about different strains of domestic plants and animals and included this in his work.

Evidence of speciation: It is a process of creating a new species from an older one. Both experiments in the laboratory and natural populations are examples of speciation. Evidence from natural populations, such as Darwin’s finches, is available for evidence.

Evidence from common ancestors: Similarity or homology between two organisms also gives the evidence for evolution. Anatomical homologies were known to Darwin but molecular homologies were not.

Evidence from macroevolution: It is the study of macroevolution changes in the fossil record. Fossils are any traces of organisms that lived in the past. The first type of fossil evidence is extinction and succession. Georges Cuvier found species that were only found in the fossil record. Others believed that they were the members of the current species.

The age of the Earth: Hutton suggests that the processes that are responsible for the formation of Earth are still happening today. Based on this, they started to make a geological time scale based on this type.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To explain: The evidence that is considered as the strongest and weakest and the reason corresponding to the decision.

Explanation of Solution

Microevolution is strong evidence for evolution; for example, vestigial structures in the hind limbs of wolves and whales. Wolves and whales are considered to share a common ancestor as whales have hind legs similar to wolves and other walking mammals.

In natural populations, speciation is strong evidence for evolution. Darwin’s finches are strong evidence for speciation that supports evolution.

Common ancestors provide strong evidence for evolution. Both chimps and bonobos shared repeats with humans, but less relative primates such as orangutans and gorillas do not.

Macroevolution provides strong evidence for evolution. Few transitional fossils were identified by Darwin, but a large number of fossils have been discovered today, which provide strong evidence for evolution.

The evidence of age of the Earth is considered as the weakest. The extreme age of the Earth is very important as the process of evolution is comparatively very slow. Without an old Earth, Darwin’s model of evolution would not be possible. Darwin did not know the age of Earth for his theory of evolution and was concerned about a possible young Sun, making the Earth even younger.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To review: The kinds of evidence for evolution analyzed.

Introduction: Science is the method of “acquiring knowledge” based on facts learned through experiments and observations. The applications and research studies on science help to improve the standard of lives.

Explanation of Solution

The kinds of evidence for evolution that are analyzed are grouped into 5 categories and are given as follows:

Evidence of speciation
Evidence of microevolution
Evidence from common ancestors
Evidence from macroevolution
The age of the Earth.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To list: The sources of evidence that were available to Darwin and those that appeared later.

Explanation of Solution

Evidence of microevolution: It is the study on the way in which the populations change over generations. Selective breeding is one of the situation in which microevolution can take place. Selective breeding is otherwise referred to as artificial selection and occurs when the humans selectively breed useful traits in organisms such as crops and livestock. Darwin knew about different strains of domestic plants and animals and included this in his work.

Evidence of speciation: It is a process of creating a new species from an older one. Both experiments in the laboratory and natural populations are examples of speciation. Evidence from natural populations, such as Darwin’s finches, is available for evidence.

Evidence from common ancestors: Similarity or homology between two organisms also gives the evidence for evolution. Anatomical homologies were known to Darwin but molecular homologies were not.

Evidence from macroevolution: It is the study of macroevolution changes in the fossil record. Fossils are any traces of organisms that lived in the past. The first type of fossil evidence is extinction and succession. Georges Cuvier found species that were only found in the fossil record. Others believed that they were the members of the current species.

The age of the Earth: Hutton suggests that the processes that are responsible for the formation of Earth are still happening today. Based on this, they started to make a geological time scale based on this type.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To explain: The evidence that is considered as the strongest and weakest and the reason corresponding to the decision.

Explanation of Solution

Microevolution is strong evidence for evolution; for example, vestigial structures in the hind limbs of wolves and whales. Wolves and whales are considered to share a common ancestor as whales have hind legs similar to wolves and other walking mammals.

In natural populations, speciation is strong evidence for evolution. Darwin’s finches are strong evidence for speciation that supports evolution.

Common ancestors provide strong evidence for evolution. Both chimps and bonobos shared repeats with humans, but less relative primates such as orangutans and gorillas do not.

Macroevolution provides strong evidence for evolution. Few transitional fossils were identified by Darwin, but a large number of fossils have been discovered today, which provide strong evidence for evolution.

The evidence of age of the Earth is considered as the weakest. The extreme age of the Earth is very important as the process of evolution is comparatively very slow. Without an old Earth, Darwin’s model of evolution would not be possible. Darwin did not know the age of Earth for his theory of evolution and was concerned about a possible young Sun, making the Earth even younger.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To review: The kinds of evidence for evolution analyzed.

Introduction: Science is the method of “acquiring knowledge” based on facts learned through experiments and observations. The applications and research studies on science help to improve the standard of lives.

Explanation of Solution

The kinds of evidence for evolution that are analyzed are grouped into 5 categories and are given as follows:

Evidence of speciation
Evidence of microevolution
Evidence from common ancestors
Evidence from macroevolution
The age of the Earth.

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Summary Introduction

To review: The kinds of evidence for evolution analyzed.

Introduction: Science is the method of “acquiring knowledge” based on facts learned through experiments and observations. The applications and research studies on science help to improve the standard of lives.

Answer 13

Explanation of Solution

The kinds of evidence for evolution that are analyzed are grouped into 5 categories and are given as follows:

Evidence of speciation
Evidence of microevolution
Evidence from common ancestors
Evidence from macroevolution
The age of the Earth.

Answer 14

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To list: The sources of evidence that were available to Darwin and those that appeared later.

Explanation of Solution

Evidence of microevolution: It is the study on the way in which the populations change over generations. Selective breeding is one of the situation in which microevolution can take place. Selective breeding is otherwise referred to as artificial selection and occurs when the humans selectively breed useful traits in organisms such as crops and livestock. Darwin knew about different strains of domestic plants and animals and included this in his work.

Evidence of speciation: It is a process of creating a new species from an older one. Both experiments in the laboratory and natural populations are examples of speciation. Evidence from natural populations, such as Darwin’s finches, is available for evidence.

Evidence from common ancestors: Similarity or homology between two organisms also gives the evidence for evolution. Anatomical homologies were known to Darwin but molecular homologies were not.

Evidence from macroevolution: It is the study of macroevolution changes in the fossil record. Fossils are any traces of organisms that lived in the past. The first type of fossil evidence is extinction and succession. Georges Cuvier found species that were only found in the fossil record. Others believed that they were the members of the current species.

The age of the Earth: Hutton suggests that the processes that are responsible for the formation of Earth are still happening today. Based on this, they started to make a geological time scale based on this type.

Answer 15

Expert Solution

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Summary Introduction

To list: The sources of evidence that were available to Darwin and those that appeared later.

Answer 19

Explanation of Solution

Evidence of microevolution: It is the study on the way in which the populations change over generations. Selective breeding is one of the situation in which microevolution can take place. Selective breeding is otherwise referred to as artificial selection and occurs when the humans selectively breed useful traits in organisms such as crops and livestock. Darwin knew about different strains of domestic plants and animals and included this in his work.

Evidence of speciation: It is a process of creating a new species from an older one. Both experiments in the laboratory and natural populations are examples of speciation. Evidence from natural populations, such as Darwin’s finches, is available for evidence.

Evidence from common ancestors: Similarity or homology between two organisms also gives the evidence for evolution. Anatomical homologies were known to Darwin but molecular homologies were not.

Evidence from macroevolution: It is the study of macroevolution changes in the fossil record. Fossils are any traces of organisms that lived in the past. The first type of fossil evidence is extinction and succession. Georges Cuvier found species that were only found in the fossil record. Others believed that they were the members of the current species.

The age of the Earth: Hutton suggests that the processes that are responsible for the formation of Earth are still happening today. Based on this, they started to make a geological time scale based on this type.

Answer 20

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To explain: The evidence that is considered as the strongest and weakest and the reason corresponding to the decision.

Explanation of Solution

Microevolution is strong evidence for evolution; for example, vestigial structures in the hind limbs of wolves and whales. Wolves and whales are considered to share a common ancestor as whales have hind legs similar to wolves and other walking mammals.

In natural populations, speciation is strong evidence for evolution. Darwin’s finches are strong evidence for speciation that supports evolution.

Common ancestors provide strong evidence for evolution. Both chimps and bonobos shared repeats with humans, but less relative primates such as orangutans and gorillas do not.

Macroevolution provides strong evidence for evolution. Few transitional fossils were identified by Darwin, but a large number of fossils have been discovered today, which provide strong evidence for evolution.

The evidence of age of the Earth is considered as the weakest. The extreme age of the Earth is very important as the process of evolution is comparatively very slow. Without an old Earth, Darwin’s model of evolution would not be possible. Darwin did not know the age of Earth for his theory of evolution and was concerned about a possible young Sun, making the Earth even younger.

Answer 21

Expert Solution

Answer 22

Expert Solution

Answer 23

Expert Solution

Answer 24

Summary Introduction

To explain: The evidence that is considered as the strongest and weakest and the reason corresponding to the decision.

Answer 25

Explanation of Solution

Microevolution is strong evidence for evolution; for example, vestigial structures in the hind limbs of wolves and whales. Wolves and whales are considered to share a common ancestor as whales have hind legs similar to wolves and other walking mammals.

In natural populations, speciation is strong evidence for evolution. Darwin’s finches are strong evidence for speciation that supports evolution.

Common ancestors provide strong evidence for evolution. Both chimps and bonobos shared repeats with humans, but less relative primates such as orangutans and gorillas do not.

Macroevolution provides strong evidence for evolution. Few transitional fossils were identified by Darwin, but a large number of fossils have been discovered today, which provide strong evidence for evolution.

The evidence of age of the Earth is considered as the weakest. The extreme age of the Earth is very important as the process of evolution is comparatively very slow. Without an old Earth, Darwin’s model of evolution would not be possible. Darwin did not know the age of Earth for his theory of evolution and was concerned about a possible young Sun, making the Earth even younger.

Answer 26

Ch. 2 - Review the kinds of evidence for evolution...Ch. 2 - Consider the experiment described in Section 2.1...Ch. 2 - In addition to dogs, list at least two or three...Ch. 2 - Look back at Figure 2.14d, which shows the two...Ch. 2 - Figures 2.20 through 2.22 show examples of...Ch. 2 - The transitional fossils in Figure 2.21...Ch. 2 - Section 2.4 presented two definitions of homology:...Ch. 2 - Analogy and homology are important concepts used...Ch. 2 - Figure 2.26 is an evolutionary tree showing the...Ch. 2 - According to the evolutionary tree shown in Figure...

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