When the candidates promise the moon in pre-election time, what fundamental economic logic is swept under the brush and not mentioned by the candidates?
Answer to Problem 1E
The economic concept, 1) only that much of demand can be met for which resources are available and 2) normally resources are scarce, is ignored by the candidates when making pre-poll promises.
Explanation of Solution
Let us take the example of the fine business person that American President, Mr. Donald trump is. Before elections, Trump had promised to revive the business competitiveness. For this, he proposed corporate tax cut from substantial 35% to 21%. He went by his words and reduced the tax rate in his first term. Now let us see the likely results. Tax cuts mean greater profit for the companies. That is fine for the corporates. However, what is in store for the economy?
Tax cuts mean lower supply of disposable funds for the government. This translates to slackening of the economy owing to lesser spending by the government on essential nation building activities like infrastructure, social responsibilities, healthcare, military etc.
Again, when some pre-poll candidate is vowing to increase budget of healthcare, because the supply of money is limited, either that may lead to less expenditure in fields like infrastructure or increasing money supply by levying excess tax from companies or the common people. Demand (of voters) that can be met is a function of the available resources. Scarce supply cannot lead to greater supply of any commodity.
It is not that candidates do not understand the implication of the sky-high promises they make, if they were to execute them. However, the voters also play a part in these untenable statements by falling for it and electing that candidate.
Introduction:
Anything in the economy is based on supply and demand. Abundant availability on the supply side is required to produce adequate goods. However, the candidates only seem to appease the demand of the voters in pre-election rallies. Whether the supply side is abundant enough to cater to that demand or the resource is actually scarce, is a point left for the to-be-formed government to tackle after the elections.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
- compare and/or contrast the two plays we've been reading, Antigone and A Doll's House.arrow_forwardPlease answer step by steparrow_forwardSuppose there are two firms 1 and 2, whose abatement costs are given by c₁ (e₁) and C2 (е2), where e denotes emissions and subscripts denote the firm. We assume that c{(e) 0 for i = 1,2 and for any level of emission e we have c₁'(e) # c₂' (e). Furthermore, assume the two firms make different contributions towards pollution concentration in a nearby river captured by the transfer coefficients ε₁ and 2 such that for any level of emission e we have C₂'(e) # The regulator does not know the resulting C₁'(e) Τι environmental damages. Using an analytical approach explain carefully how the regulator may limit the concentration of pollution using (i) a Pigouvian tax scheme and (ii) uniform emissions standards. Discuss the cost-effectiveness of both approaches to control pollution.arrow_forward
- Bill’s father read that each year a car’s value declines by 10%. He also read that a new car’s value declines by 12% as it is driven off the dealer’s lot. Maintenance costs and the costs of “car problems” are only $200 per year during the 2-year warranty period. Then they jump to $750 per year, with an annual increase of $500 per year.Bill’s dad wants to keep his annual cost of car ownership low. The car he prefers cost $30,000 new, and he uses an interest rate of 8%. For this car, the new vehicle warranty is transferrable.(a) If he buys the car new, what is the minimum cost life? What is the minimum EUAC?(b) If he buys the car after it is 2 years old, what is the minimum cost life? What is the minimum EUAC?(c) If he buys the car after it is 4 years old, what is the minimum cost life? What is the minimum EUAC?(d) If he buys the car after it is 6 years old, what is the minimum cost life? What is the minimum EUAC?(e) What strategy do you recommend? Why? Please show each step and formula,…arrow_forwardO’Leary Engineering Corp. has been depreciating a $50,000 machine for the last 3 years. The asset was just sold for 60% of its first cost. What is the size of the recaptured depreciation or loss at disposal using the following depreciation methods?(a) Straight-line with N = 8 and S = 2000(b) Double declining balance with N = 8(c) 40% bonus depreciation with the balance using 7-year MACRS Please show every step and formula, don't use excel. The answer should be (a) $2000 loss, (b) $8000 deo recap, (c) $14257 dep recap, thank you.arrow_forwardThe cost of garbage pickup in Green Gulch is $4,500,000 for Year 1. The population is increasing at 6%, the nominal cost per ton is increasing at 5%, and the general inflation rate is estimated at 4%.(a) Estimate the cost in Year 4 in Year-1 dollars and in nominal dollars.(b) Reference a data source for trends in volume of garbage per person. How does including this change your answer? Please show every step and formula, don't use excel. The answer should be $6.20M, $5.2M, thank you.arrow_forward
- Please show each step with formulas, don't use Excel. The answer should be 4 years, $16,861.arrow_forwardAssume general inflation is 2.5% per year. What is the price tag in 8 years for an item that has an inflation rate of 4.5% that costs $700 today? Please show every step and formula, don't use excel. The answer should be $1203, thank you.arrow_forwardThe average cost of a certain model car was $22,000 ten years ago. This year the average cost is $35,000.(a) Calculate the average monthly inflation rate (fm) for this model.(b) Given the monthly rate fm, what is the effective annual rate, f, of inflation for this model?(c) Estimate what these will sell for 10 years from now, expressed in today’s dollars. Please show all steps and formulas, don't use excel. The answer should be (a) 0.3877%, (b) 4.753%, (c) $55,682arrow_forward
- A mining corporation purchased $120,000 of production machinery and depreciated it using 40% bonus depreciation with the balance using 5-year MACRS depreciation, a 5-year depreciable life, and zero salvage value. The corporation is a profitable one that has a 22% combined incremental tax rate. At the end of 5 years the mining company changed its method of operation and sold the production machinery for $40,000. During the 5 years the machinery was used, it reduced mine operation costs by $32,000 a year before taxes. If the company MARR is 12% after taxes, was the investment in the machinery a satisfactory one? Please show every step with formulas and don't use excel. The answer should be 14.8%, thank you.arrow_forwardAn engineer is working on the layout of a new research and experimentation facility. Two operators will be required. If, however, an additional $100,000 of instrumentation and remote controls were added, the plant could be run by a single operator. The total before-tax cost of each plant operator is projected at $35,000 per year. The instrumentation and controls will be depreciated by means of a modified accelerated cost recovery system (MACRS). If this corporation (22% combined corporate tax rate) invests in the additional instrumentation and controls. how long will it take for the after-tax benefits to equal the $100,000 cost? In other words, what is the after-tax payback period? Please write out every step and formula, don't use excel. The answer should be 3.08 years, thank you.arrow_forwardThe effective combined tax rate in a firm is 28%. An outlay of $2 million for certain new assets is under consideration. Over the next 9 years, these assets will be responsible for annual receipts of $650,000 and annual disbursements (other than for income tax) of $225,000. After this time, they will be used only for stand-by purposes with no future excess of receipts over disbursements. (a) What is the prospective rate of return before income taxes? (b)What is the prospective rate of return after taxes if straight-line depreciation can be used to write off these assets for tax purposes in 9 years? (c) What is the prospective rate of return after taxes if it is assumed that these assets must be written off for tax purposes over the next 20 years, using straight-line depreciation? Please write out each step with formulas and don't use Excel. The answers should be (a)15.4% (b) 11.5% (c) 10.0%, thank youarrow_forward
- Economics (MindTap Course List)EconomicsISBN:9781337617383Author:Roger A. ArnoldPublisher:Cengage Learning