Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781305079243
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Question
Chapter 2, Problem 15ALQ
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The difference between probability density distribution and radial probability for an orbital should be explained.
Concept introduction:
Atomic orbitals are described with the help of two types of distributions that is probability density distribution and radial probability for an orbital.
To determine: The probability density distribution and radial probability for an orbital.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Question 5: Name the following compound in two ways
using side chain and using prefix amine (Common name
and IUPAC name both)
CH3NH2
CH3CH2NHCH3
CH₂CH₂N(CH3)2
Draw the structure of diethyl methyl amine
Question 6. Write the balanced combustion reaction
for:
a. Hexane
b. Propyne
c. 2-pentene
Question 7: Write the following electrophilic
substitution reactions of benzene:
Hint: Use notes if you get confused
a. Halogenation reaction:
b. Nitration reaction :
c. Sulphonation reaction:
d. Alkylation reaction:
e. Aceylation reaction:
Question 4. Name the following structures
○
CH3-C-N-H
H
CH3CH2-C-N-H
H
CH3CH2-C-N-CH3
H
A. Add Water to below compound which 2-methyl 2-butene (addition Reaction)
H₂C
CH₂
CH,
+ H₂O-> ?
Major product?
Minor product?
B. Add Bromine to the compound which 2-methyl 2-butene (addition Reaction)
CH₂
CH₂
+ Br₂→ ?
Major product and Minor product both are same in this?
C. Add Hydrogen Bromide to the compound which 2-methyl 2-butene (addition
Reaction)
H,C
CH₂
CH₂
+ HBr
Major product?
Minor product?
D. Add Hydrogen to the compound which 2-methyl 2-butene (addition Reaction)
CH₂
CH₂
+ H₂
Major product and Minor product both are same in this?
Chapter 2 Solutions
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Ch. 2 - Four types of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) are...Ch. 2 - Characterize the Bohr model of the atom. In the...Ch. 2 - What experimental evidence supports the quantum...Ch. 2 - List the most important ideas of the quantum...Ch. 2 - What are quantum numbers? What information do we...Ch. 2 - How do 2p orbitals differ from each other? How do...Ch. 2 - Four blocks of elements in a periodic table refer...Ch. 2 - What is the difference between core electrons and...Ch. 2 - Prob. 9RQCh. 2 - The radius trend and the ionization energy trend...
Ch. 2 - Prob. 1ALQCh. 2 - Defend and criticize Bohrs model. Why was it...Ch. 2 - The first four ionization energies for the...Ch. 2 - Compare the first ionization energy of helium to...Ch. 2 - Which has the larger second ionization energy,...Ch. 2 - Explain why a graph of ionization energy versus...Ch. 2 - Prob. 7ALQCh. 2 - Account for the fact that the line that separates...Ch. 2 - Explain electron from a quantum mechanical...Ch. 2 - Choose the best response for the following. The...Ch. 2 - Consider the following statement "The ionization...Ch. 2 - Prob. 12ALQCh. 2 - How does probability fit into the description of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 14ALQCh. 2 - Prob. 15ALQCh. 2 - Is the following statement true or false? The...Ch. 2 - Which is higher in energy, the 2s or 2p orbital,...Ch. 2 - Prove mathematically that it is more energetically...Ch. 2 - What type of relationship (direct or inverse) e...Ch. 2 - What do we mean by the frequency of...Ch. 2 - Explain the photoelectric effectCh. 2 - Describe briefly why the study of electromagnetic...Ch. 2 - How does the wavelength of a fast-pitched baseball...Ch. 2 - The following is an energy-level diagram for...Ch. 2 - The Bohr model works for only one electron...Ch. 2 - We can represent both probability and radial...Ch. 2 - Prob. 27QCh. 2 - The periodic table consists of four blocks of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 29QCh. 2 - Prob. 30QCh. 2 - Elements with very large ionization energies also...Ch. 2 - Prob. 32QCh. 2 - Prob. 33QCh. 2 - Scientists use emission spectra to confirm the...Ch. 2 - Does the minimization of electron-electron...Ch. 2 - Prob. 36QCh. 2 - Prob. 37QCh. 2 - Many more anhydrous lithium salts are hygroscopic...Ch. 2 - The laser in an audio CD player uses light with a...Ch. 2 - An FM radio station broadcasts at 99.5 MHz....Ch. 2 - Microwave radiation has a wavelength on the order...Ch. 2 - A photon of ultraviolet (UV) light possesses...Ch. 2 - Octyl methoxycinoamate and oxybenzone are common...Ch. 2 - Human color vision is " produced" by the nervous...Ch. 2 - Consider the following waves representing...Ch. 2 - One type of electromagnetic radiation has a...Ch. 2 - Carbon absorbs energy at a wavelength of 150. nm....Ch. 2 - X rays have wavelengths on the order of 1 1010 m....Ch. 2 - The work function of an element is the energy...Ch. 2 - It takes 208.4 kJ of energy to remove 1 mole of...Ch. 2 - It takes 7.21 1019 J of energy to remove an...Ch. 2 - Ionization energy is the energy required to remove...Ch. 2 - Calculate the de Broglie wavelength for each of...Ch. 2 - Neutron diffraction is used in determining the...Ch. 2 - A particle has a velocity that is 90.% of the...Ch. 2 - Calculate the velocities of electrons with de...Ch. 2 - Calculate the wavelength of light emiued when each...Ch. 2 - Calculate the wavelength of light emitted when...Ch. 2 - Using vertical lines, indicate the transitions...Ch. 2 - Using vertical lines, indicate the transitions...Ch. 2 - Calculate the longest and shortest wavelengths of...Ch. 2 - Assume that a hydrogen atoms electron has been...Ch. 2 - Does a photon of visible light ( 400 to 700 nm)...Ch. 2 - An electron is excited from the n = 1 ground state...Ch. 2 - Calculate the maximum wavelength of light capable...Ch. 2 - Consider an electron for a hydrogen atom in an...Ch. 2 - An excited hydrogen atom with an electron in the n...Ch. 2 - An excited hydrogen atom emits light with a...Ch. 2 - Using the Heisenberg uncertainty principle,...Ch. 2 - The Heisenberg uncertainty principle can be...Ch. 2 - What are the possible values for the quantum...Ch. 2 - Identify each of the following orbitals and...Ch. 2 - Which of the following sets of quantum numbers are...Ch. 2 - Which of the following sets of quantum numbers are...Ch. 2 - What is the physical significance of the value of...Ch. 2 - In defining the sizes of orbitals, why must we use...Ch. 2 - Total radial probability distributions for the...Ch. 2 - Tbe relative orbital levels for the hydrogen atom...Ch. 2 - How many orbitals in an atom can have the...Ch. 2 - How many electrons in an atom can have the...Ch. 2 - Give the maximum number of electrons in an atom...Ch. 2 - Give the maximum number of electrons in an atom...Ch. 2 - Draw atomic orbital diagrams representing the...Ch. 2 - For elements l36, there are two exceptions to the...Ch. 2 - The elements Si, Ga, As, Ge, Al, Cd, S, and Se are...Ch. 2 - The elements Cu, O, La, Y, Ba, Tl, and Bi are all...Ch. 2 - Write the expected electron configurations for...Ch. 2 - Write the expected electron configurations for...Ch. 2 - The four most abundant elements by mass in the...Ch. 2 - The first-row transition metals from chromium...Ch. 2 - Write the expected ground-state electron...Ch. 2 - Using only the periodic table inside the front...Ch. 2 - Given the valence electron orbital level diagram...Ch. 2 - Identify the following elements. a. An excited...Ch. 2 - In the ground state of mercury, Hg, a. how many...Ch. 2 - In the ground state of element 115, Uup, a. how...Ch. 2 - Give a possible set of values of the four quantum...Ch. 2 - Give a possible set of values of the four quantum...Ch. 2 - Valence electrons are those electrons in the...Ch. 2 - How many valence electrons do each of the...Ch. 2 - A certain oxygen atom has the electron...Ch. 2 - Which of the following electron configurations...Ch. 2 - Which of elements 1-36 have two unpaired electrons...Ch. 2 - Which of elements 1-36 have one unpaired electron...Ch. 2 - One bit of evidence that the quantum mechanical...Ch. 2 - Identify how many unpaired electrons are present...Ch. 2 - Prob. 107ECh. 2 - Arrange the following groups of atoms in order of...Ch. 2 - Arrange the atoms in Exercise 107 in order of...Ch. 2 - Arrange the atoms in Exercise 108 in order of...Ch. 2 - In each of the following sets, which atom or ion...Ch. 2 - In each of the following sets, which atom or ion...Ch. 2 - Prob. 113ECh. 2 - The first ionization energies of As and Se are...Ch. 2 - Rank the elements Be, B, C, N, and O in order of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 117ECh. 2 - The following graph plots the first, second, and...Ch. 2 - Prob. 119ECh. 2 - For each of the following pairs of elements (Mg...Ch. 2 - The electron affinities of the elements from...Ch. 2 - In the second row of the periodic table, Be, N,...Ch. 2 - Prob. 123ECh. 2 - Order the atoms in each of the following sets from...Ch. 2 - The electron affinity for sulfur is more negative...Ch. 2 - Which has the more negative electron affinity, the...Ch. 2 - Write equations corresponding to the following: a....Ch. 2 - Using data from the text, determine the following...Ch. 2 - Cesium was discovered in natural mineral waters in...Ch. 2 - 'The bright yellow light emitted by a sodium vapor...Ch. 2 - Does the information on alkali metals in Table 2-8...Ch. 2 - Prob. 132ECh. 2 - Prob. 133ECh. 2 - Complete and balance the equations for the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 135AECh. 2 - A carbon-oxygen double bond in a certain organic...Ch. 2 - Mars is roughly 60 million km from the earth. How...Ch. 2 - Consider the following approximate visible light...Ch. 2 - One of the visible lines in the hydrogen emission...Ch. 2 - Prob. 140AECh. 2 - Are the following statements true for the hydrogen...Ch. 2 - Prob. 142AECh. 2 - The four most abundant elements by mass in the...Ch. 2 - Which of the following orbital designations are...Ch. 2 - The successive ionization energies for an unknown...Ch. 2 - An unknown element is a nonmetal and has a valence...Ch. 2 - While Mendeleev predicted the existence of several...Ch. 2 - Photosynthesis uses 660-nm light to convert CO2...Ch. 2 - Photogray lenses incorporate small amounts of...Ch. 2 - It takes 476 kJ to remove 1 mole of electrons from...Ch. 2 - Prob. 151CWPCh. 2 - Prob. 152CWPCh. 2 - Determine the maximum number of electrons that can...Ch. 2 - Consider the ground state of arsenic, As. How many...Ch. 2 - Which of the following statements is(are) true? a....Ch. 2 - Identify the following three elements. a. The...Ch. 2 - Prob. 157CWPCh. 2 - Prob. 158CWPCh. 2 - Three elements have the electron configurations...Ch. 2 - One of the emission spectral lines for Be3+ has a...Ch. 2 - The figure below represents part of the emission...Ch. 2 - When lhe excited electron in a hydrogen atom falls...Ch. 2 - Prob. 163CPCh. 2 - For hydrogen atoms, the wave function for the...Ch. 2 - The wave function for the 2pz, orbital in the...Ch. 2 - Answer the following questions, assuming that ms,...Ch. 2 - Assume that we are in another universe with...Ch. 2 - Without looking at data in the text, sketch a...Ch. 2 - The following numbers are the ratios of second...Ch. 2 - We expect the atomic radius to increase going down...Ch. 2 - The ionization energy for a 1s electron in a...Ch. 2 - Answer the following questions based on the given...Ch. 2 - As the weapons officer aboard the Srarship...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- 36) Complete the following multi-step reactions showing applications of enolate ions arising from ketones, esters, malonic ester, and keto ester, etc. (30 pts) (1) A NaOH, H₂O+ heat A NaOEt EtO OEt (11) EOH, H+ H. B LDA, H₂O+ -78°C B (i) NaOMe, Et-Br (ii) H₂O+, heat EtOOC (III) COOEt B A (i) NaOEt LiAlH 4-bromo-2-butene H₂O+ (ii) H3O+, heat Write the mechanism for Aldol Condensation (I A or B), and Claisen Condensation (II A).arrow_forward31) Complete two sets of reactions involving (R)-4-methyl-pent-2-ol producing racemic mixture of tertiary alcohols (D) and ketone derivative (C). Illustrate the mechanism of B and C or D. (25 pts) O OH 0 K2Cr2O7 Ph-CH2-Br, Mg, H2SO4 THF, H3O* (A) (D) Racemic mixture TsCl, Py (B) KCN, DMSO Ph-CH2-Br, Mg, THF, H3O+ (C) Mechanism for reactions B and C:arrow_forwardManoharan Mariappan, Ph.D., Dept. of Natur. Sci., NFC, Tallahassee, FL 33) Synthesize the aromatic compound containing para-substituted carbonyl compound starting from benzene. Illustrate the mechanism for reaction A. 1) NU (25 pts) A FeCl B (i) HNO3, H2SO4 (II) Sn, HCl(aq) NH₂ NO₂-D NH₂ (i) MeCO2Me, heat C (ii) K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 D (ii) SOCl2 (iii) 2 Et-NH2 Mechanism for reaction for the nitration of alkyl benzene (B-i): Characterize the product compound arising from the reaction D by IR and IH NMR spectral data: IR data (cm): 'H NMR data: Draw the structure and assign the chemical shift with the spin-splitting.arrow_forward
- Write structural formulas for the major products by doing addition reactions 1. You must add H2 as Pt is catalyst it does not take part in reactions only speed up the process H₂ CH2=CH-CH3 Pt 2. Add HCI break it into H and Cl CH3 HCI 3. Add Br2 only CC14 is catalyst CH3-CH=CH2 B12 CCl4 4. Add water to this and draw major product, H2SO4 is catalyst you have add water H20 in both the reaction below H₂SO4 CH3-CH=CH2 CH3 H2SO4/H₂O CH3-C=CH2 reflux ?arrow_forwardPlan the synthesis of the following compound using the starting material provided and any other reagents needed as long as carbon based reagents have 3 carbons or less. Either the retrosynthesis or the forward synthesis (mechanisms are not required but will be graded if provided) will be accepted if all necessary reagents and intermediates are shown (solvents and temperature requirements are not needed unless specifically involved in the reaction, i.e. DMSO in the Swern oxidation or heat in the KMnO4 oxidation). H Harrow_forwardHint These are benzene substitution reactions. ALCI3 and UV light are catalyst no part in reactions and triangle A means heating. A. Add ethyl for Et in benzene ring alkylation reaction EtCl = CH3CH2CL 1) EtC1 / AlCl3 / A ? B: Add Br to benzene ring ( substitution) 2) Br₂ / uv light ? C Add (CH3)2 CHCH2 in benzene ring ( substitution) (CH3)2CHCH,C1 / AICI, ?arrow_forward
- Draw the mechanism to make the alcohol 2-hexanol. Draw the Mechanism to make the alcohol 1-hexanol.arrow_forwardDraw the mechanism for the formation of diol by starting with 1-pentanal in... basic conditions then acidic conditions then draw the mechanism for the formation of a carboxylic acid from your product.arrow_forwardIdentify each chiral carbon as either R or S. Identify the overall carbohydrates as L or Darrow_forward
- Ethers can be formed via acid-catalyzed acetal formation. Draw the mechanism for the molecule below and ethanol.arrow_forwardHOCH, H HO CH-OH OH H OH 11 CH₂OH F II OH H H 0 + H OHarrow_forwardDraw the mechanism for the formation of diol by starting with one pen and all in... basic conditions then acidic conditions then draw the mechanism for the formation of a carboxylic acid from your product.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approa...ChemistryISBN:9781305079250Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed PetersPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning
World of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approa...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079250
Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed Peters
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Engineering Students
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337398909
Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Matter and Change
Chemistry
ISBN:9780078746376
Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl Wistrom
Publisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Chemistry
ISBN:9780534420123
Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
World of Chemistry, 3rd edition
Chemistry
ISBN:9781133109655
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning
Quantum Numbers, Atomic Orbitals, and Electron Configurations; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aoi4j8es4gQ;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL/Atomic Structure-21E; Author: H to O Chemistry;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mYHNUy5hPQE;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY