Biological Science (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780321976499
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Emily Taylor, Greg Podgorski, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 2, Problem 14PIAT
Summary Introduction
To explain:
The mechanism by which antifreeze protein (AFP) prevents cells from freezing solid.
Introduction:
The freezing of water molecules causes the formation of four hydrogen bonds at one time. This results in the formation of the low-density ice crystals. The formation of the crystals can be prevented by the formation of the hydrogen bonds.
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Diffusion experiments of a small molecule drug in tissue samples are performed. The drug has a radius of 2.24 nm and a pure-water diffusivity of 2.75 x 10^-6 cm^2/s. Cells occupy approximately 72% of the tissue byvolume. The molecule is very hydrophilic and does not readily cross cellular membranes. If you assume that the interstitial space is gel-like with a microstructure parameter k=3.7 x 10^-3 nm^-1, what is the effective diffusivity in the tissue?
Answer with explanation
a. You selectively label phospholipids with a fluorescent dye and perform the FRAP assay. You detect a single fluorescence molecule move 100 micrometre into the photobleached area in 2.5 seconds. What is the diffusivity constant for this phospholipid?
b. Increasing the ratio of unsaturated to saturated phospholipids in a biological membrane increases membrane fluidity. Describe how the FRAP photobleaching and recovery curves would differ between membranes with 63% and 41% unsaturated phospholipids.
c. Draw the FRAP photobleaching and recovery curves for your answer in b.
d. What does the “immobile fraction” in a FRAP experiment suggest (see diagram)?
Chapter 2 Solutions
Biological Science (6th Edition)
Ch. 2 - Which of the following occurs when a covalent bond...Ch. 2 - If a reaction is exothermic, then which of the...Ch. 2 - 3. Which of the following is most likely to have...Ch. 2 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 2 - 5. Which of the following molecules would you...Ch. 2 - Locate fluorine (F) on the partial periodic table...Ch. 2 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 2 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 2 - Prob. 9TYPSSCh. 2 - From what you have learned about water, why do...
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