Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780321885326
Author: Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Kelly A. Hogan
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 11TYK
The diagram below shows the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus of a fluorine and a potassium atom. What kind of bond do you think would form between these two atoms?
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The “octet rule” in chemistry helps predict the types of bonds thatatoms will form. In general, an atom will be most stable if it fills itsouter shell of 8 electrons. Atoms with fewer than 4 valence electronstend to donate electrons and those with more than 4 valence electronstend to accept additional electrons; those with exactly 4 can do both.Using this rule, determine what category each of the followingelements falls into: N, S, C, P, O, H, Ca, Fe, and Mg. (You will needto work out the valence of the atoms.)
:0-H-1--:N-H
Hydrogen Bond
Which statement best helps explain the formation of the hydrogen bond represented in the figure?
A
The oxygen has a partial positive charge, and the nitrogen has a partial negative charge.
(B)
The nitrogen has a partial negative charge, and the hydrogen attached to the oxygen has a partial positive charge.
In an ammonia molecule, one nitrogen atom (atomic number = 7; 1s² 2s²2p³)
forms covalent bonds with three hydrogen atoms. Draw a diagram of an ammonia
molecule. Show all valence electrons, lone pairs, molecular geometry, and partial
charges (assume sp³ hybridization).
Chapter 2 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (8th Edition)
Ch. 2 - Fill in the blanks in this concept map to help you...Ch. 2 - Create a concept map to organize your...Ch. 2 - Changing the _____ would change it into an atom of...Ch. 2 - A solution at pH 6 contains _____H+ than the same...Ch. 2 - Most of the unique properties of water result from...Ch. 2 - A can of cola consists mostly of sugar dissolved...Ch. 2 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 2 - In what way does the need for iodine or iron in...Ch. 2 - Use carbon-12, the most common isotope of carbon,...Ch. 2 - In terms of electron sharing between atoms,...
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- What kinds of bonds often control the shape (or tertiary form) of large molecules such as proteins? a. hydrogen b. ionic c. covalent d. inert e. singlearrow_forwardUnshared, or lone, electron pairs play an important role in determining the chemical and physical properties of organic compounds. Thus, it is important to know which atoms carry unshared pairs. Use the structural formulas below to determine the number of unshared pairs at each designated atom. Be sure your answers are consistent with the formal charges on the formulas. H₂C H₂ b Hc N CH2 The number of unshared pairs at atom a is The number of unshared pairs at atom b is The number of unshared pairs at atom c is The number of unshared pairs at atom a is 1 v The number of unshared pairs at atom b is Ov The number of unshared pairs at atom c is 1.arrow_forwardDiscuss whether the following statement is correct: “An ionic bond can, in principle, be thought of as a very polar covalent bond. Polar covalent bonds, then, fall somewhere between ionic bonds at one end of the spectrum and nonpolar covalent bonds at the other end.”arrow_forward
- What would be the simplest way to tell the difference in non polar covalent bonds, polar covalent bonds, and an ionic bond? Would I be able to tell if the charge is negative or positive? If so- how?arrow_forwardAnother fossil-fuel gas used in cooking appliances is "propane", used commonly in backyard grills and RV/camping stoves. Propane is a bigger hydrocarbon: 3 carbons single-bonded in a chain, and the remaining bonds are taken by hydrogen. Its formula is C3H8 and its structure is shown below. KEY POINT: the products are the same as the combustion of methane, but more is produced. The graphic below shows that one propane molecule reacts with 5 oxygen molecules to form molecules of carbon dioxide. C3Hg + 502 → 3CO,+ 4H,0 00O 000 SUOLDICIATEFIEETILNED I RLIANMr CASIRICTIOonL Harrow_forwardNitrogen (N) normally forms three covalent bonds with a valence of five. However, ammonium has four covalent bonds, each to a different hydrogen (H) atom (H has a valence of one). What do you predict to be the charge on ammonium?arrow_forward
- which of the bonds in the molecule below are polar. explain why.arrow_forwardWhich of the following bond/s results from a sharing of electron(s) between atoms ? [MA} O ionic bond O polar covalent bond non-polar covalent bond O hydrogen bond O hydrolysisarrow_forwardThe triple point of an element is at 75 torr and 125°C. This means that liquid is more dense than solid cannot exist at 1 atmosphere pressure cannot have a vapor pressure less than 75 torr cannot exist above 125 degrees Celsius What is the electron geometry (or electron arrangement) around an atom in a molecule or ion which is surrounded by three lone pairs of electrons and two single bonds T-shaped see-saw trigonal planar trigonal bipyramidal linear A red blood cell placed in pure water will swell because water moves from a higer osmotic pressure to a lower osmotic pressure the osmotic pressure is greater in the cell than in the water the osmotic pressure is the same in the cell and the water the somotic pressure is greater in the water than in the cellarrow_forward
- How many hydrogen bond donor groups are found in the following molecule?arrow_forwardWhen hydrogen covalently bonds to carbon it creates a nonpolar bond. However, when hydrogen covalently bonds to oxygen it creates a polar bond. What is a polar covalent bond, and why does it occur between hydrogen and oxygen, but not hydrogen and carbon?arrow_forwardPolar covalent bonds can be found in water molecules. Define or describe this type of bond.arrow_forward
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