a) Interpretation: The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided. Concept introduction: Ketones react with Grignard reagents to yield addition product which on acidification yield a tertiary alcohol a product. To identify: The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 31MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Ketones react with Grignard reagents to yield addition product which on acidification yield a tertiary alcohol a product.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with NaCN, HCN to yield cyanohydrins. It is a case of nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl group.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

NaBH₄ reduces aldehydes to primary alcohols and ketones to secondary alcohols. During the reaction the nucleophilic addition of hydrogen to the carbonyl group takes place.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes react with Grignard reagents to yield a secondary alcohol and with ketones to yield tertiary alcohols.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

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4. Read paragraph 4.15 from your textbook, use your calculated lattice energy values for CuO, CuCO3 and Cu(OH)2 an explain thermal decomposition reaction of malachite: Cu2CO3(OH)2 →2CuO + H2O + CO2 (3 points)

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 31MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Ketones react with Grignard reagents to yield addition product which on acidification yield a tertiary alcohol a product.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with NaCN, HCN to yield cyanohydrins. It is a case of nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl group.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

NaBH₄ reduces aldehydes to primary alcohols and ketones to secondary alcohols. During the reaction the nucleophilic addition of hydrogen to the carbonyl group takes place.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes react with Grignard reagents to yield a secondary alcohol and with ketones to yield tertiary alcohols.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 31MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Ketones react with Grignard reagents to yield addition product which on acidification yield a tertiary alcohol a product.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with NaCN, HCN to yield cyanohydrins. It is a case of nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl group.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

NaBH₄ reduces aldehydes to primary alcohols and ketones to secondary alcohols. During the reaction the nucleophilic addition of hydrogen to the carbonyl group takes place.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes react with Grignard reagents to yield a secondary alcohol and with ketones to yield tertiary alcohols.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 31MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Ketones react with Grignard reagents to yield addition product which on acidification yield a tertiary alcohol a product.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with NaCN, HCN to yield cyanohydrins. It is a case of nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl group.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

NaBH₄ reduces aldehydes to primary alcohols and ketones to secondary alcohols. During the reaction the nucleophilic addition of hydrogen to the carbonyl group takes place.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes react with Grignard reagents to yield a secondary alcohol and with ketones to yield tertiary alcohols.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 31MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Ketones react with Grignard reagents to yield addition product which on acidification yield a tertiary alcohol a product.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with NaCN, HCN to yield cyanohydrins. It is a case of nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl group.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

NaBH₄ reduces aldehydes to primary alcohols and ketones to secondary alcohols. During the reaction the nucleophilic addition of hydrogen to the carbonyl group takes place.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes react with Grignard reagents to yield a secondary alcohol and with ketones to yield tertiary alcohols.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Answer 6

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 31MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Ketones react with Grignard reagents to yield addition product which on acidification yield a tertiary alcohol a product.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Answer 7

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 31MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Ketones react with Grignard reagents to yield addition product which on acidification yield a tertiary alcohol a product.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with NaCN, HCN to yield cyanohydrins. It is a case of nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl group.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with NaCN, HCN to yield cyanohydrins. It is a case of nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl group.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

NaBH₄ reduces aldehydes to primary alcohols and ketones to secondary alcohols. During the reaction the nucleophilic addition of hydrogen to the carbonyl group takes place.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

NaBH₄ reduces aldehydes to primary alcohols and ketones to secondary alcohols. During the reaction the nucleophilic addition of hydrogen to the carbonyl group takes place.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes react with Grignard reagents to yield a secondary alcohol and with ketones to yield tertiary alcohols.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes react with Grignard reagents to yield a secondary alcohol and with ketones to yield tertiary alcohols.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 25

Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 19.1 - Draw structures corresponding to the following...Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 3P Ch. 19.2 - How would you carry out the following reactions?...Ch. 19.4 - Treatment of an aldehyde or ketone with cyanide...Ch. 19.4 - p-Nitrobenzaldehyde is more reactive toward...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 7P Ch. 19.5 - The oxygen in water is primarily (99.8) 16O, but...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 9P Ch. 19.8 - Show the products you would obtain by...

Chapter 19 Solutions