Anatomy & Physiology
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781259398629
Author: McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher: Mcgraw Hill Education,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 19.3, Problem 19WDL
Which features of cardiac muscle support aerobic
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Normal dive (for diving humans)
normal
breathing
dive
normal
breathing
Oz level
CO2 level
urgent need
to breathe
Oz blackout zone
high CO2 triggers breathing
6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in
relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in
diving humans.
How might the location and slope of the O₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
How might the location and slope of the CO₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
•
Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above.
How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line
differ for diving marine mammals?
What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability
of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?
foraging/diet type
teeth
tongue
stomach
intestines
cecum
Insectivory
numerous, spiky, incisors procumbentExample: moleExample: shrew
--
simple
short
mostly lacking
Myrmecophagy
absent or reduced in numbers, peg-likeExample: tamandua anteater
extremely long
simple, often roughened
short
small or lacking
Terrestrial carnivory
sharp incisors; long, conical canines; often carnassial cheek teeth; may have crushing molarsExample: dog
--
simple
short
small
Aquatic carnivory
homodont, spiky, numerousExample: common dolphin
--
simple or multichambered (cetaceans only)
variable
small or absent
Sanguinivory
very sharp upper incisors; reduced cheek teethExample: vampire bat
grooved
tubular, highly extensible
long
small or lacking
Herbivory (except nectivores)
incisors robust or absent; canines reduced or absent; diastema; cheek teeth enlarged with complex occlusal surfacesExample: beaver
--
simple (hindgut fermenters) or multichambered (ruminants)
long
large
Filter feeding
none…
3. Shown below is the dental formula and digestive tract anatomy of three mammalian species
(A, B, and C). What kind of diet would you expect each species to have? Support your
answers with what you can infer from the dental formula and what you can see in the
diagram. Broadly speaking, what accounts for the differences?
Species A
3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3
པར『ན་
cm 30
Species B
4/3, 1/1, 2/2, 4/4
cm 10
Species C
0/4, 0/0,3/3, 3/3
020
Chapter 19 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 19.1 - WHAT DID YOU LEARN?
1 Define perfusion. Why would...Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 19.1 - LEARNING OBJECTIVE
3. Describe the general...Ch. 19.1 - WHAT DO YOU THINK?
1 What vessels attached to the...Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 2WDLCh. 19.1 - Prob. 3WDLCh. 19.1 - Prob. 4WDLCh. 19.1 - Prob. 5WDLCh. 19.1 - Prob. 4LO
Ch. 19.1 - What path does blood follow through the heart?...Ch. 19.1 - Which of the great vessels is both an artery and...Ch. 19.2 - LEARNING OBJECTIVE
5. Describe the location and...Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 8WDLCh. 19.2 - Prob. 9WDLCh. 19.2 - Prob. 6LOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 7LOCh. 19.2 - Describe the three layers that cover the heart....Ch. 19.3 - LEARNING OBJECTIVE
8. Compare the superficial...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 11WDLCh. 19.3 - Prob. 12WDLCh. 19.3 - Prob. 13WDLCh. 19.3 - Prob. 9LOCh. 19.3 - What are the layers of the heart (in order) that a...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 10LOCh. 19.3 - What is the structure that separates the two...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 16WDLCh. 19.3 - Prob. 11LOCh. 19.3 - What are the functions of the tendinous cords and...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 12LOCh. 19.3 - Which function of the fibrous skeleton allows the...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 13LOCh. 19.3 - Prob. 14LOCh. 19.3 - Prob. 15LOCh. 19.3 - Which features of cardiac muscle support aerobic...Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 16LOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 17LOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 18LOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 2WDTCh. 19.4 - What areas of the heart are deprived of blood when...Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 19LOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 21WDLCh. 19.5 - Prob. 20LOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 22WDLCh. 19.5 - Prob. 21LOCh. 19.5 - Which autonomic division is associated with the...Ch. 19.6 - LEARNING OBJECTIVE
22. Describe a nodal cell at...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 24WDLCh. 19.6 - Prob. 23LOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 24LOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 3WDTCh. 19.6 - What is autorhythmicity? Describe how nodal cells...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 25LOCh. 19.6 - What is the path of an action potential through...Ch. 19.6 - What anatomic features slow the conduction rate of...Ch. 19.7 - Prob. 26LOCh. 19.7 - In which direction does Ca2+ move in response to...Ch. 19.7 - Prob. 27LOCh. 19.7 - Prob. 28LOCh. 19.7 - Prob. 4WDTCh. 19.7 - What three electrical events occur at the...Ch. 19.7 - Prob. 29LOCh. 19.7 - Prob. 30LOCh. 19.7 - What is the significance of the extended...Ch. 19.7 - Prob. 31LOCh. 19.7 - What events in the heart are indicated by each of...Ch. 19.8 - Prob. 32LOCh. 19.8 - Prob. 33LOCh. 19.8 - Pressure changes that occur during the cardiac...Ch. 19.8 - Prob. 34LOCh. 19.8 - Prob. 35LOCh. 19.8 - What is occurring during ventricular ejection?Ch. 19.8 - Prob. 34WDLCh. 19.8 - Define end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume,...Ch. 19.9 - Prob. 36LOCh. 19.9 - Prob. 37LOCh. 19.9 - What are the two factors that determine cardiac...Ch. 19.9 - What is the cardiac output at rest and during...Ch. 19.9 - Prob. 38LOCh. 19.9 - Prob. 39LOCh. 19.9 - Prob. 38WDLCh. 19.9 - Describe the atrial reflex, which involves...Ch. 19.9 - Prob. 40LOCh. 19.9 - Prob. 41LOCh. 19.9 - Prob. 40WDLCh. 19.9 - Prob. 42LOCh. 19.9 - Prob. 41WDLCh. 19.10 - Prob. 43LOCh. 19.10 - Prob. 44LOCh. 19.10 - Prob. 42WDLCh. 19 - Which of the following is the correct circulatory...Ch. 19 - The pericardial cavity is located between the a....Ch. 19 - How is blood prevented from backflowing from the...Ch. 19 - ____ 4. Venous blood draining from the heart wall...Ch. 19 - _____ 5. Calcium channels in the nodal cells...Ch. 19 - ____6. Action potentials are spread rapidly...Ch. 19 - Why is it necessary to stimulate papillary muscles...Ch. 19 - ____ 8. Preload is a measure of a. stretch of...Ch. 19 - ____ 9. All of the following occur when the...Ch. 19 - ____10. What occurs during the atrial reflex? a....Ch. 19 - Prob. 11DYBCh. 19 - Compare the structure, location, and function of...Ch. 19 - Prob. 13DYBCh. 19 - Explain why the walls of the atria are thinner...Ch. 19 - Describe the structure and function of...Ch. 19 - Explain the general location and function of...Ch. 19 - Describe the functional differences in the effects...Ch. 19 - Prob. 18DYBCh. 19 - List the five events of the cardiac cycle, and...Ch. 19 - Define cardiac output, and explain how it is...Ch. 19 - A young man was doing some vigorous exercise when...Ch. 19 - A young man was doing some vigorous exercise when...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3CALCh. 19 - Prob. 4CALCh. 19 - During surgery, the right vagus nerve was...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1CSLCh. 19 - Prob. 2CSLCh. 19 - Your grandfather was told that his SA node...
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- 3. Shown below is the dental formula and digestive tract anatomy of three mammalian species (A, B, and C). What kind of diet would you expect each species to have? Support your answers with what you can infer from the dental formula and what you can see in the diagram. Broadly speaking, what accounts for the differences? Species A 3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3 cm 30 Species B 0/4, 0/0, 3/3, 3/3 cm 10 Species C 4/3, 1/1, 2/2, 4/4 E 0 cm 20 AILarrow_forwardNormal dive (for diving humans) normal breathing dive normal breathing Oz level CO₂ level urgent need to breathe Oz blackout zone high CO₂ triggers breathing 6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in diving humans. • How might the location and slope of the O2 line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • How might the location and slope of the CO2 line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • • Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above. How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line differ for diving marine mammals? What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?arrow_forwardHow much ATP will be produced during the following metabolic scenario: Aerobic respiration of a 5mM lipid solution that is made up of one glycerol and an 8-carbon fatty acid and 12-carbon fatty acid. Recall that when glycerol breaks down to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate it costs one ATP but your get an extra FADH2. Every two carbons of a fatty acid break down to one acetyl-CoA. Units cannot be entered in this style of question but the units of your answer should be in mM of ATP.arrow_forward
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