Chapter 19.3, Problem 19.4P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structure of 3, 4-dimethylheptane has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

IUPAC Nomenclature:

IUAC gives rules for the naming of chemical compounds. These rules are,

For saturated hydrocarbons, longest chain is the parent chain of the compound and remaining groups and atoms are consider as substituent.

In the nomenclature, Find the parent chin first then number the carbon atoms in the parent chain followed by designate the substituent in its position in parent chain.

If more than one same substituent were occurs, add a prefix (di-, tri-, tetra-, ect..) in front of parent chain name.

Finally the systematic name was written as, the substituent position number with prefix (di-, tri-, tetra-, ect..) of number of substituents followed by name of the substituent then write the parent chain name (which contains large number of carbon atoms in the chain).

The parent chain names based on the carbon atoms are,

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{-CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{- }\text{Ethane}\\ {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{-CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{-CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{-}\text{Propane}\\ {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{-CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{-CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{-CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{-}\text{Butane}\\ {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{-CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{-CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{-CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{-}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{-}\text{Pentane}\end{array}$

The substituent names based on the carbon atoms are,

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{-}\text{methyl}\\ {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{-CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{- }\text{ethyl}\\ {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{-CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{-CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{-}\text{propyl}\end{array}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structure of 2,2,3,3,4,-hexamethylpentane has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Refer part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structure of 2-ethyl-3-isopropylheptane has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Refer part (a).