Inquiry Into Life
Inquiry Into Life
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781260177671
Author: Mader, Sylvia S., Windelspecht, Michael
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
Question
Book Icon
Chapter 19, Problem C7BYB
Summary Introduction

To discuss:

The biochemical pathways used by cells to produce ATP.

Introduction:

The metabolism of cells takes place through a series of biochemical reactions, which produces ATP as one of the products. These reactions generate the energy unit ATP, which powers other body functions.

Expert Solution & Answer
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

There are two major processes by which the metabolism takes place –catabolism and anabolism. Catabolism is breaking down of nutrients and anabolism is building up of macromolecules. ATP is generated by catabolic pathways. The pathways which generate ATP are:

  1. Glycolysis: Glucose is split into 3 C compound and ATP. The end products of this reaction are pyruvate/lactate and ATP. For every glucose molecule converted into two pyruvate/lactate, 2 ATP molecules are released.
  2. Pyruvate dehydrogenase: 3 carbon compound pyruvate is converted to acetate and carbon dioxide. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase which simultaneously converts ADP to ATP.
  3. Beta Oxidation: Fatty acid is broken down acetyl CoA, NADH and FADH. At every step, there is the release of carbon dioxide and energy in the form of ATP. Many units of ATP is released in this process.
  4. Oxidative phosphorylation: This is the ultimate powerhouse of ATP generation. In this process, the NADH and FADH generated in the above pathways react with oxygen to produce water and other end products. This leads to NADH and FADH to get converted to NAD and FAD respectively, at the same time phosphorylation of ADP to ATP takes place.
Conclusion

The above pathways may look independent but in reality, the byproduct of one is used in another. All these work together to generate the ATP in the body.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!
Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following is the process that is "capable of destroying all forms of microbial life"? Question 37 options: Surgical scrub Sterilization Chemical removal Mechanical removal
After you feel comfortable with your counting method and identifying cells in the various stages of mitosis, use the four images below of whitefish blastula to count the cells in each stage until you reach 100 total cells, recording your data below in Data Table 1. (You may not need to use all four images. Stop counting when you reach 100 total cells.) After totaling the cells in each stage, calculate the percent of cells in each stage. (Divide total of stage by overall total of 100 and then multiply by 100 to obtain percentage.)   Data Table 1Stage    Totals    PercentInterphase        Mitosis:        Prophase        Metaphase        Anaphase        Telophase        Cytokinesis        Totals    100    100% To find the length of time whitefish blastula cells spend in each stage, multiply the percent (recorded as a decimal, in other words take the percent number and divide by 100) by 24 hours. (Example: If percent is 20%, then Time in Hours = .2 * 24 = 4.8) Record your data in Data…
What are Clathrin coated vesicles and what is their function?

Chapter 19 Solutions

Inquiry Into Life

Knowledge Booster
Background pattern image
Similar questions
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Text book image
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Text book image
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Text book image
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Text book image
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Text book image
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Text book image
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education