Macroeconomics
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781337617390
Author: Roger A. Arnold
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 19, Problem 8QP
To determine
Calculate simple majority voting with consistent and inconsistent efficiency.
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Outline the median voter theorem and explain its importance to the successful application of a majority voting system.
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"No voting system is perfect." What does it mean by economist K. Arrow? Give a brief account on Condorcet Voting Paradox. A public school district is voting on the school budget and the resulting student-teacher ratio. A poll finds that 20 percent of the voters want a ratio of 9:1, 25 percent want a ratio of 10:1, 15 percent want a ratio of 11:1, and 40 percent want a ratio of 12:1. What outcome would you expect the district to
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- In a congressional district somewhere in the U.S., a new representative is being elected. The voters all have one-dimensional political views that can be neatly arrayed on a left-right spectrum. We can define the ”location” of a citizen’s political views in the following way. The citizen with the most extreme left-wing views is said to be at point 0 and the citizen with the most extreme right-wing views is said to be at point 1. If a citizen has views that are to the right of the views of the fraction x of the state’s population, that citizen’s views are said to be located at point x. There are two candidates for the congressional seat and they are forced to publicly state their own political position simultaneously on the zero-one left-right scale. 1.a Suppose voters always vote for the candidate whose stated position is nearest to their own views and suppose each candidate cares only about getting as many votes as possible. In equilibrium, what will be the two candidates’ positions?…arrow_forwardSuppose that friends Jennifer, Stephanie, and Megan cannot agree on how much to spend for a bouquet of flowers to send to a person who allowed them to use her beach house for the weekend. Jennifer wants to buy a moderately priced bouquet, Stephanie wants to buy an expensive bouquet, and Megan wants to buy a very expensive bouquet. Assuming no paradox of voting, majority voting will result in the decision to buy Multiple Choice an inexpensive bouquet. a very expensive bouquet. a moderately priced bouquet. an expensive bouquet. Barrow_forwardBriefly explain why the principle that the majority of voters should decide an election outcome may not always make logical sense.arrow_forward
- Arrow's impossibility theorem states that under certain assumptions about preferences, no voting system exists that satisfies all of the following properties: • Unanimity • Transitivity • Independence of irrelevant alternatives • No dictatorsarrow_forwardGive both answers I give you thumparrow_forwardWhich of the following is true? a. Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem states that There is no voting method that will satisfy a reasonable set of fairness criteria when there are three or candidates. b. Gibbard-Satterthwaite's theorem states that there is a voting method is completely resistant to strategic voting. c. None of the given choices d. May's Theorem states that the majority method will always have a winner.arrow_forward
- Explain why majority rule respects the preferencesof the median voter rather than those of the averagevoter.arrow_forwardThe Principles of Taxation Taxation systems are centered around two basic ideas. One is that people that benefit from services provided by tax revenues should be the ones who pay for them. Secondly, taxes should be paid in proportion to the number of benefits or services that an individual receives. Three Types of Taxes Taxes can be proportional, progressive, or regressive in nature. A proportional tax is equal in that it sets the same percentage of income taxation on everyone regardless of income. So for individuals, as their income rises or falls, they pay the same percentage in tax. A progressive tax imposes a higher percentage rate of taxation as incomes go up. So as people make more money they pay a higher percentage of that income in tax, and the percentage goes down if their income goes down. Regressive taxes are the opposite of progressive. They impose a higher percentage of taxes on lower incomes than on higher incomes. Often these taxes are not income taxes, but other types…arrow_forwardCould you please explain why you divided the 250 votes by 2?arrow_forward
- 2) What is straight-ticket voting? How does this help candidates in down ballot races?arrow_forward4.10. A social choice function satisfies the weak Pareto criterion if,whenever every voter places one candidate above another, say rankingcandidate A over candidate B, then candidate B cannot be the uniquewinner. (This differs from the Pareto property owing to the words “theunique”.)(a) Explain why any method that satisfies Pareto also satisfies weakPareto.(b) Explain why the antiplurality method satisfies weak Pareto.(c) Explain why the agenda method violates weak Pareto.arrow_forward4arrow_forward
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