Macroeconomics
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781337617390
Author: Roger A. Arnold
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 19, Problem 2WNG
To determine
Outcome of the election.
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What is the significance of the concept of rational ignorance?
Question options:
It explains why voters are swayed by single-issue voting.
It explains why the majority of voters feel that their vote is important in determining the outcome of an election.
It explains how false or exaggerated political advertising influences voting behavior.
It explains why many people do not vote.
Explain why according to the theory of rational ignorance, an individual will decide not to participate in the election process (vote).
Arrow's impossibility theorem states that under certain assumptions about preferences, no voting system exists that satisfies all of the following properties:
•
Unanimity
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Transitivity
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Independence of irrelevant alternatives
•
No dictators
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- All of the following statements are true about median voter theory, except: Select the correct answer below: The median voter is in the middle of the political spectrum. The effects of the U.S. sugar lobby supports median voter theory. Median voter theory suggests that if a candidate needs more than 50% to win an election, the best way to win is to have median preferences. The median voter theory argues that politicians will try to match policies to what pleases the median voter preferences.arrow_forwardIs it rational for voters to be informed? Is it rational for them to vote? Discuss the incentives that voters face and the calculations they might make. (Authentic answers with sources please)arrow_forwardIn a congressional district somewhere in the U.S., a new representative is being elected. The voters all have one-dimensional political views that can be neatly arrayed on a left-right spectrum. We can define the ”location” of a citizen’s political views in the following way. The citizen with the most extreme left-wing views is said to be at point 0 and the citizen with the most extreme right-wing views is said to be at point 1. If a citizen has views that are to the right of the views of the fraction x of the state’s population, that citizen’s views are said to be located at point x. There are two candidates for the congressional seat and they are forced to publicly state their own political position simultaneously on the zero-one left-right scale. 1.a Suppose voters always vote for the candidate whose stated position is nearest to their own views and suppose each candidate cares only about getting as many votes as possible. In equilibrium, what will be the two candidates’ positions?…arrow_forward
- Alienation and the Median-Voter Rule. Consider the example of the ice cream vendors on the beach. Suppose that people are unwilling to walk more than 1/4 mile for an ice-cream cone. As a starting point, suppose both sellers locate at the median location, at the 1/2 mark a. Fill in the blanks in the following table to indicate the number of customers. (Enter your responses as integers.) Starting point median location Lefty moves to 1/4 mile mark Righty moves to 3/4 mile mark Location Lefty Location Righty Quantity Lefty Quantity Righty 12 1/2 1/4 1/2 1/4 3/4arrow_forward4.10. A social choice function satisfies the weak Pareto criterion if,whenever every voter places one candidate above another, say rankingcandidate A over candidate B, then candidate B cannot be the uniquewinner. (This differs from the Pareto property owing to the words “theunique”.)(a) Explain why any method that satisfies Pareto also satisfies weakPareto.(b) Explain why the antiplurality method satisfies weak Pareto.(c) Explain why the agenda method violates weak Pareto.arrow_forwardHow might special interest groups and lobbyists influence campaigns and elections? Group of answer choices political party and influence legislation. They go door to door educating voters on campaign and election issues. While they do not participate in elections, they exercise a lot of influence through their relationships with elected officials. When politicians are elected to office, members of special interest and lobbyists take jobs working for that politician and in this way influence their work, campaigns, and elections.arrow_forward
- Scholars and business people tend to agree that businesses should avoid politics because the economic stakes are too high. True Falsearrow_forwardWhich of the following is true? a. Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem states that There is no voting method that will satisfy a reasonable set of fairness criteria when there are three or candidates. b. Gibbard-Satterthwaite's theorem states that there is a voting method is completely resistant to strategic voting. c. None of the given choices d. May's Theorem states that the majority method will always have a winner.arrow_forwardLet's walk through the median voter theorem in a little more detail. Consider a town with three voters, Enrique, Nandini, and Torsten. The big issue in the upcoming election is how high the sales tax rate should be. As you'll learn in macroeconomics (and in real life), on average, a government that wants to do more spending has to bring in more taxes, so "higher permanent taxes" is the same as "higher government spending." Enrique wants low taxes and small government, Nandini is in the middle, and Torsten wants the biggest town government of the three. Each one is a stubborn person, and his or her favorite position-what economic theorists call the "ideal point-never changes in this problem. Their preferences can be summed up like this, with the x denoting each person's favorite tax rate: Enrique 0% N O Sales tax rate Nandini P Torsten 20% Suppose there are two politicians running for office, N and O (so ignore P for now). Enrique will vote for Choose your answer. Nandini will vote for…arrow_forward
- TRUE OR FALSE Concerning public opinion, Optimists prefer that government officials serve as Delegates for citizens, whereas Pessimists/Skeptics prefer that politicians serve as Trustees instead.arrow_forwardWhat is meant by limited and bundled choice when voting on a bill or candidate?arrow_forwardExplain how affirmative and negative majority votes can sometimes lead to inefficient allocations of resources to public goods. Is this problem likely to be greater under a benefits-received or under an ability-to-pay tax system? Use the information in Figures 17.1a and 17.1b to show how society might be better off if Adams were allowed to buy votes.arrow_forward
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