Chapter 19, Problem 86IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

reagents used for the given reaction has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Baeyer Villiger oxidation is an oxidation reaction in which the ketone gets converted into ester and cyclic ketone gets converted into lactone. The reagents used in the reaction are peroxy acid or peroxide.

  

In a reaction, $LiAl{H}_4$ (Lithium aluminium hydride) is used as a reducing agent. In presence of $LiAl{H}_{4}and{H}_{2}O$, an aldehyde or a ketone gets reduce to an alcohol.

Tosylation:

Alcohol is reaction with tosyl chloride in pyridine which provides retention of configuration of tosylated compound.

The Williamson ether synthesis is a reaction to converts alcohols $\left(\text{R-OH}\right)$ into ethers $\left(\text{R-O-R}\right)\text{.}$ First step in this reaction is forming the conjugate base of the alcohol (called an alkoxide) by reacting the alcohol among sodium metal. The deprotonated alcohol will react with an alkyl halide to form an ether.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Reason for why compound 5 has more signals in the ${}^{1}HNMR$ spectrum than compound1 has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

NMR spectroscopy: It is the study of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and the nuclei of atoms and the variety of nuclei studied includes ${}^{1}H,{}^{13}C,{}^{15}N,{}^{19}Fand{}^{31}P$

${}^{1}H$ NMR spectroscopy: It is the study of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and the protons in the compound

Chemical shift: The frequency of the proton signal in the spectrum with reference to the standard compound  which may be TMS(Tetramethylsilane) shows signal at 0 ppm(parts per million).