Conceptual Integrated Science
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135197394
Author: Hewitt, Paul G., LYONS, Suzanne, (science Teacher), Suchocki, John, Yeh, Jennifer (jennifer Jean)
Publisher: PEARSON EDUCATION (COLLEGE)
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Textbook Question
Chapter 19, Problem 68TE
Why is Ohm’s law important to how quickly an action potential travels down an axon?
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Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
12. (a) Using Eq. AQ=CAV and the data in the Table, calculate the number of ions entering the axon during
the action potential, per meter of nonmyelinated axon length. (The charge on the ion is 1.6 x 10-19 coulomb.)
(b) During the resting state of the axon, typical concentrations of sodium and potassium ions inside the axon
are 15 and 150 millimole/liter, respectively. From the data in the Table, calculate the number of ions per
meter length of the axon.
Table 13.1 Properties of Sample Axons
Hint:
1 F (farad) = 1coulomb/1 volt
Property
Nonmyelinated axon
Myelinated axon
Axon radius
5 x 10-m
5 x 10-6 m
1 mole /liter = 6.02 x 1020 particles (ions, atoms, etc. ) Resistance per unit length of fluid
cm
6.37 x 10°2/m
6.37 x 10°2/m
both inside and outside axon (r)
Conductivity per unit length of
axon membrane (gm)
1.25 x 10-4 mho/m
In the resting state, the axon voltage is -70mV.
During the pulse, the voltage changes to about
+30mV, resulting in a net voltage change across
the membrane of 100…
need help on b and c.
please help
Chapter 19 Solutions
Conceptual Integrated Science
Ch. 19 - What are the four main types of tissues in the...Ch. 19 - Multiple tissues combine to make an_____, a...Ch. 19 - What is an organ system?Ch. 19 - What is homeostasis?Ch. 19 - Prob. 5RCCCh. 19 - Prob. 6RCCCh. 19 - Which part of the brain is responsible for balance...Ch. 19 - Prob. 8RCCCh. 19 - Describe the functions of each of the four lobes...Ch. 19 - Which structures make up the central nervous...
Ch. 19 - Prob. 11RCCCh. 19 - What are the functions of sensory neurons,...Ch. 19 - Prob. 13RCCCh. 19 - What are the two types of hormones? How does each...Ch. 19 - Why is the anterior pituitary sometimes called the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 16RCCCh. 19 - Prob. 17RCCCh. 19 - Prob. 18RCCCh. 19 - How do sperm get past the zona pellucida that...Ch. 19 - Prob. 20RCCCh. 19 - Prob. 21RCCCh. 19 - Prob. 22RCCCh. 19 - How does a signal from a motor neuron result in...Ch. 19 - Prob. 24RCCCh. 19 - Prob. 25TISCh. 19 - Prob. 26TISCh. 19 - Prob. 27TISCh. 19 - What causes an action potential to travel down a...Ch. 19 - How does an electrical synapse work?Ch. 19 - Prob. 30TISCh. 19 - Why do action potentials travel more quickly down...Ch. 19 - Why havent any animals evolved large numbers of...Ch. 19 - Prob. 33TISCh. 19 - Prob. 34TISCh. 19 - Prob. 35TISCh. 19 - Prob. 36TISCh. 19 - What are the two types of light-sensitive cells in...Ch. 19 - Describe how sound waves enter the ear and...Ch. 19 - Prob. 39TISCh. 19 - Prob. 40TISCh. 19 - Prob. 43TCCh. 19 - The membrane potential is the electrical potential...Ch. 19 - Rank the two types of light-sensitive cells, rods...Ch. 19 - Two different types of neurons transmit pain...Ch. 19 - The human retina has an area of about 1000 mm2. If...Ch. 19 - You have about 1000 different kinds of smell...Ch. 19 - The egg is a large cell and contributes almost all...Ch. 19 - Is the brain a tissue, an organ, or an organ...Ch. 19 - The stomach is an organ. Describe some of the...Ch. 19 - Why do you shiver when you are cold?Ch. 19 - Prob. 53TECh. 19 - When you exercise, your cells use more oxygen and...Ch. 19 - This man is cooling off after an intense run. He...Ch. 19 - When you move your body, is your cerebrum in...Ch. 19 - Why is the surface of your brain wrinkled?Ch. 19 - Prob. 58TECh. 19 - Describe the structure of a typical neuron.Ch. 19 - Of the three types of neuronssensory neurons,...Ch. 19 - What happens during the fight or flight response?Ch. 19 - Is a neuron that slows your heartbeat part of the...Ch. 19 - What is an action potential? Describe how the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 64TECh. 19 - What would be the effect of removing the myelin...Ch. 19 - Prob. 66TECh. 19 - Prob. 67TECh. 19 - Why is Ohms law important to how quickly an action...Ch. 19 - Prob. 69TECh. 19 - Prob. 70TECh. 19 - Prob. 71TECh. 19 - Prob. 72TECh. 19 - Many nocturnal animals have only rods in their...Ch. 19 - Are your rods or cones are more important for...Ch. 19 - Prob. 75TECh. 19 - In some people, the bones of the middle ear...Ch. 19 - Prob. 77TECh. 19 - Prob. 78TECh. 19 - On a brilliant, sunny day, you take a long hike...Ch. 19 - Prob. 80TECh. 19 - Prob. 81TECh. 19 - Prob. 82TECh. 19 - Prob. 83TECh. 19 - Does a fertilized human egg make anything other...Ch. 19 - Prob. 85TECh. 19 - Prob. 86TECh. 19 - Prob. 87TECh. 19 - Prob. 88TECh. 19 - Prob. 89TECh. 19 - Prob. 90TDICh. 19 - Prob. 91TDICh. 19 - Prob. 92TDICh. 19 - If a signaling neuron has an excitatory effect on...Ch. 19 - Stars come in different colors depending on their...Ch. 19 - Prob. 95TDICh. 19 - Jet lag describes the fatigue and disorientation...Ch. 19 - Prob. 97TDICh. 19 - Prob. 98TDICh. 19 - Prob. 99TDICh. 19 - Explain what happens when you wiggle your toe....Ch. 19 - Prob. 1RATCh. 19 - Which of the following does NOT play a role in...Ch. 19 - Which part of the brain controls posture, balance,...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4RATCh. 19 - What happens at the start of an action potential?...Ch. 19 - Which of the following allows an action potential...Ch. 19 - Chemoreception characterizes a vision. b hearing....Ch. 19 - Prob. 8RATCh. 19 - The structure that provides oxygen and nutrients...Ch. 19 - Prob. 10RAT
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- Assume an axon has the same characteristics as the class example except the radius of the axon is 0.005 mm and the membrane thickness is 20.0 nm. The percentage fractional change in the concentration of Na+ ions in the axon during one action potential is %? Record the answer to the nearest one thousandth.arrow_forwardAssume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed x pulse duration 50.0 m/s x 0.0020 s = 0.10 m). In the %D resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with Kt ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in the figure below. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = KƐ A/d and Q = CAV to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell -8 wall thickness d = 1.5 x 10 m, axon radius r = 2.0 x 10- um, and cell-wall dielectric constant K = 2.9. External fluid + Positive charge layer Axon wall membrane d Negative charge layer Internal fluid Axon radius = r (a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. (Assume an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-2 v.) 1.035E-9 Your response differs from the correct answer by more than 10%.…arrow_forwardAssume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed x pulse duration = 50.0 m/s x 0.0020 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K+ ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in the figure below. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = K² A/d and Q = CAV to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 2.0 x 10-8 m, axon radius r = 1.6 x 10¹ μm, and cell-wall dielectric constant k = 2.9. Positive charge layer Negative charge layer External fluid Axon wall membrane Internal fluid - Axon radius= d -2 (a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. (Assume an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-² v.) 9.03E-10 C How many K+ ions are on the outside of the axon assuming an…arrow_forward
- Assume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed x pulse duration = 50.0 m/s x 0.0020 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K+ ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in the figure below. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = KE A/d and Q = CAV to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 1.3 x 10-8 m, axon radius r = 1.3 × 10¹ μm, and cell-wall dielectric constant x = 2.1. Positive charge layer Negative charge layer External fluid + Axon wall membrane Internal fluid Axon radius = r + + How many sodium ions (Na+) is this? Na+ ions + (a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. (Assume an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-² V.) C How many K+ ions are on…arrow_forwardAssume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed x pulse duration = 50.0 m/s x 0.0020 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K+ ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in the figure below. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = ke A/d and Q = CAV to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 2.0 × 10-8 m, axon radius r = 1.6 × 10¹ µm, and cell-wall dielectric constant x = 2.9. Positive charge layer Negative charge layer External fluid Axon wall membrane Internal fluid Axon radius = r No + (a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. (Assume an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-² v.) d Your response differs significantly from the correct answer. Rework your…arrow_forwardAssume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed x pulse duration = 50.0 m/s x 0.0020 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K+ ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in the figure below. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = KE A/d and Q = CAV to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 1.8 x 10-8 m, axon radius r = 1.4 × 10¹ μm, and cell-wall dielectric constant x = 2.0. Positive charge layer Negative charge layer 1+ External fluid + + + Axon wall membrane + Internal fluid Axon radius = r + + + d + (a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. (Assume an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-² V.) How many K+ ions are on the outside of the axon assuming…arrow_forward
- An unmyelinated segment of the axon has a radius of r=2 pm and a length of L=7 cm. what is its membrane capacitance (Farad) ?. (The %3D capacitance per unit area, Cm = 0.01 F/m2). %3D A. 0.000000008792 B. None, C. 0.00000002638 D. 0.00000003517 E. 0.00000001758arrow_forwardOn the graphing paper provided, draw the Current Voltage curve for this response, What is the reversal potential for the Jerrionin receptor?arrow_forwardB and C are incorrect. I need help on thisarrow_forward
- Assume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed × pulse duration = 50.0 m/s × 0.0020 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K+ ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in the figure below. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = ??0A/d and Q = CΔV to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 1.1 ✕ 10−8 m, axon radius r = 2.0 ✕ 101 ?m, and cell-wall dielectric constant ? = 2.7. A diagram shows a collection of positive and negative charges in and around an axon. The diagram is divided into three sections, one on top of the other. The top section is labeled "External fluid". A row of positive charges labeled "Positive charge layer" lies along the bottom side of this section. Above the row of positive charges, there is an even mixture of…arrow_forwardAssume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed × pulse duration = 50.0 m/s × 0.0020 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K+ ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in the figure below. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = ??0A/d and Q = CΔV to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 1.6 ✕ 10−8 m, axon radius r = 1.9 ✕ 101 ?m, and cell-wall dielectric constant ? = 2.6. (a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. (Assume an initial potential difference of 7.0 ✕ 10−2 V.)?CHow many K+ ions are on the outside of the axon assuming an initial potential difference of 7.0 ✕ 10−2 V??K+ ions (b) How much positive charge must flow through the cell membrane to reach…arrow_forwardAssume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential length excited = nerve speed × pulse duration = 50.0 m/s × 0.0020 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with k* ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in the figure below. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = ke,A/d and Q = CAV to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 1.4 x 10-8 m, axon radius r = 1.4 x 101 um, and cell-wall dielectric constant k = 2.2.arrow_forward
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