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Conceptual Integrated Science
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135197394
Author: Hewitt, Paul G., LYONS, Suzanne, (science Teacher), Suchocki, John, Yeh, Jennifer (jennifer Jean)
Publisher: PEARSON EDUCATION (COLLEGE)
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Textbook Question
Chapter 19, Problem 31TIS
Why do action potentials travel more quickly down thicker axons than thinner ones?
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Students have asked these similar questions
Let’s say that myelination increases the membrane resistance by a factor of 1000. By what factor does the length constant increase? Why?
in ur own words Describe what specifically happens to neurons when the brain is suddenly jolted.
12. (a) Using Eq. AQ=CAV and the data in the Table, calculate the number of ions entering the axon during
the action potential, per meter of nonmyelinated axon length. (The charge on the ion is 1.6 x 10-19 coulomb.)
(b) During the resting state of the axon, typical concentrations of sodium and potassium ions inside the axon
are 15 and 150 millimole/liter, respectively. From the data in the Table, calculate the number of ions per
meter length of the axon.
Table 13.1 Properties of Sample Axons
Hint:
1 F (farad) = 1coulomb/1 volt
Property
Nonmyelinated axon
Myelinated axon
Axon radius
5 x 10-m
5 x 10-6 m
1 mole /liter = 6.02 x 1020 particles (ions, atoms, etc. ) Resistance per unit length of fluid
cm
6.37 x 10°2/m
6.37 x 10°2/m
both inside and outside axon (r)
Conductivity per unit length of
axon membrane (gm)
1.25 x 10-4 mho/m
In the resting state, the axon voltage is -70mV.
During the pulse, the voltage changes to about
+30mV, resulting in a net voltage change across
the membrane of 100…
Chapter 19 Solutions
Conceptual Integrated Science
Ch. 19 - What are the four main types of tissues in the...Ch. 19 - Multiple tissues combine to make an_____, a...Ch. 19 - What is an organ system?Ch. 19 - What is homeostasis?Ch. 19 - Prob. 5RCCCh. 19 - Prob. 6RCCCh. 19 - Which part of the brain is responsible for balance...Ch. 19 - Prob. 8RCCCh. 19 - Describe the functions of each of the four lobes...Ch. 19 - Which structures make up the central nervous...
Ch. 19 - Prob. 11RCCCh. 19 - What are the functions of sensory neurons,...Ch. 19 - Prob. 13RCCCh. 19 - What are the two types of hormones? How does each...Ch. 19 - Why is the anterior pituitary sometimes called the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 16RCCCh. 19 - Prob. 17RCCCh. 19 - Prob. 18RCCCh. 19 - How do sperm get past the zona pellucida that...Ch. 19 - Prob. 20RCCCh. 19 - Prob. 21RCCCh. 19 - Prob. 22RCCCh. 19 - How does a signal from a motor neuron result in...Ch. 19 - Prob. 24RCCCh. 19 - Prob. 25TISCh. 19 - Prob. 26TISCh. 19 - Prob. 27TISCh. 19 - What causes an action potential to travel down a...Ch. 19 - How does an electrical synapse work?Ch. 19 - Prob. 30TISCh. 19 - Why do action potentials travel more quickly down...Ch. 19 - Why havent any animals evolved large numbers of...Ch. 19 - Prob. 33TISCh. 19 - Prob. 34TISCh. 19 - Prob. 35TISCh. 19 - Prob. 36TISCh. 19 - What are the two types of light-sensitive cells in...Ch. 19 - Describe how sound waves enter the ear and...Ch. 19 - Prob. 39TISCh. 19 - Prob. 40TISCh. 19 - Prob. 43TCCh. 19 - The membrane potential is the electrical potential...Ch. 19 - Rank the two types of light-sensitive cells, rods...Ch. 19 - Two different types of neurons transmit pain...Ch. 19 - The human retina has an area of about 1000 mm2. If...Ch. 19 - You have about 1000 different kinds of smell...Ch. 19 - The egg is a large cell and contributes almost all...Ch. 19 - Is the brain a tissue, an organ, or an organ...Ch. 19 - The stomach is an organ. Describe some of the...Ch. 19 - Why do you shiver when you are cold?Ch. 19 - Prob. 53TECh. 19 - When you exercise, your cells use more oxygen and...Ch. 19 - This man is cooling off after an intense run. He...Ch. 19 - When you move your body, is your cerebrum in...Ch. 19 - Why is the surface of your brain wrinkled?Ch. 19 - Prob. 58TECh. 19 - Describe the structure of a typical neuron.Ch. 19 - Of the three types of neuronssensory neurons,...Ch. 19 - What happens during the fight or flight response?Ch. 19 - Is a neuron that slows your heartbeat part of the...Ch. 19 - What is an action potential? Describe how the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 64TECh. 19 - What would be the effect of removing the myelin...Ch. 19 - Prob. 66TECh. 19 - Prob. 67TECh. 19 - Why is Ohms law important to how quickly an action...Ch. 19 - Prob. 69TECh. 19 - Prob. 70TECh. 19 - Prob. 71TECh. 19 - Prob. 72TECh. 19 - Many nocturnal animals have only rods in their...Ch. 19 - Are your rods or cones are more important for...Ch. 19 - Prob. 75TECh. 19 - In some people, the bones of the middle ear...Ch. 19 - Prob. 77TECh. 19 - Prob. 78TECh. 19 - On a brilliant, sunny day, you take a long hike...Ch. 19 - Prob. 80TECh. 19 - Prob. 81TECh. 19 - Prob. 82TECh. 19 - Prob. 83TECh. 19 - Does a fertilized human egg make anything other...Ch. 19 - Prob. 85TECh. 19 - Prob. 86TECh. 19 - Prob. 87TECh. 19 - Prob. 88TECh. 19 - Prob. 89TECh. 19 - Prob. 90TDICh. 19 - Prob. 91TDICh. 19 - Prob. 92TDICh. 19 - If a signaling neuron has an excitatory effect on...Ch. 19 - Stars come in different colors depending on their...Ch. 19 - Prob. 95TDICh. 19 - Jet lag describes the fatigue and disorientation...Ch. 19 - Prob. 97TDICh. 19 - Prob. 98TDICh. 19 - Prob. 99TDICh. 19 - Explain what happens when you wiggle your toe....Ch. 19 - Prob. 1RATCh. 19 - Which of the following does NOT play a role in...Ch. 19 - Which part of the brain controls posture, balance,...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4RATCh. 19 - What happens at the start of an action potential?...Ch. 19 - Which of the following allows an action potential...Ch. 19 - Chemoreception characterizes a vision. b hearing....Ch. 19 - Prob. 8RATCh. 19 - The structure that provides oxygen and nutrients...Ch. 19 - Prob. 10RAT
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- a) How does voltage change over distance from the stimulator on the artificial axon? AND why does this occur? (Think: where is the current going?) b) How and why are neurons affected by the addition of myelin (think membrane resistance, capacitance, and the length constant)?arrow_forwardQuestion 4 of 10 Question 4: You are charged with designing an artificial organ that requires all of its cells to communicate with one another effectively for proper functioning. What type of cell junction should you include when designing such an organ?arrow_forwardAssume an axon has the same characteristics as the class example except the radius of the axon is 0.005 mm and the membrane thickness is 20.0 nm. The percentage fractional change in the concentration of Na+ ions in the axon during one action potential is %? Record the answer to the nearest one thousandth.arrow_forward
- Is it correct to say that the forces acting on each charge comprise an action-reaction pair? Why?arrow_forwardWhat are the differences between a primaryc celland a secondary cell? What is the origin of the name primary cell and What is the origin of the name secondary cell?arrow_forwardPlease answer fast Angiotensin II is a peptide ( D-R-V-Y-I-H-P-F) that increases our blood pressure. What is the net charge?arrow_forward
- The velocity of spike propagation is proportional to the following combination of factors: 1 a C, V R„R, m Where a is the radius of the axon, Rm and R; are specific resistances of the membrane and the internal buffer, respectively. If we double the radius and simultaneously increase the concentration of salt inside the axon twice (i.e. R; decreases two times), by how many fold will the velocity change?arrow_forwardWhat is the magnitude of the electric field across an axon membrane 1.2×10−8 m thick if the resting potential is -70 mV ?arrow_forwardAssume the axon had a diameter of 30 um and was 5 cm long. The capacitance of this axon would bearrow_forward
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