Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 19, Problem 5TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction: A gene can be referred to as a unit of hereditary. They pass information from one generation to another. The genes contain DNA which decides the genotype of an individual. There are many methods for analysis of DNA such as polymerase chain reaction, gel electrophoresis, DNA sequencing and so on.
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Analysis of DNA sequences for a particular locus among individuals within a population provides biologists with one way to estimate (a) genetic drift (b) genetic polymorphism (c) gene flow (d) heterozygote advantage (e) frequencydependent selection
Evolution is most accurately described as a change in allele frequencies in over time.
(a) an individual
(b) a species
(c) a population
(d) a community
Which of the following is not true of natural selection?(a) natural selection acts to preserve favorable traits and eliminate unfavorable traits (b) the offspring of individuals that are better adapted to the environment will make up a larger proportion of the next generation (c) natural selection directs the course of evolution by preserving the traitsacquired during an individual’s lifetime (d) natural selection Test Your Understanding acts on a population’s genetic variability, which arisesthrough mutation (e) natural selection may result in changes in allele frequencies in a population
Chapter 19 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 19.1 - Define what is meant by a populations gene pool.Ch. 19.1 - Distinguish among genotype, phenotype, and allele...Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 19.1 - Can the frequencies of all genotypes in a...Ch. 19.1 - INTERPRET DATA In a human population of 1000, 840...Ch. 19.2 - Discuss the significance of the HardyWeinberg...Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 4LOCh. 19.2 - INTERPRET DATA In a population at genetic...Ch. 19.2 - INTERPRET DATA In a population at genetic...Ch. 19.2 - INTERPRET DATA The genotype frequencies of a...
Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 5LOCh. 19.3 - Discuss how each of the following...Ch. 19.3 - Distinguish among stabilizing selection,...Ch. 19.3 - Which microevolutionary force leads to adaptive...Ch. 19.3 - Why is mutation important to evolution if it is...Ch. 19.3 - Which microevolutionary forces are most associated...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 4CCh. 19.4 - Prob. 8LOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 19.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 19.4 - How can researchers test the hypothesis that...Ch. 19 - The genetic description of an individual is its...Ch. 19 - In a diploid species, each individual possesses...Ch. 19 - The MN blood group is of interest to population...Ch. 19 - If a populations allele and genotype frequencies...Ch. 19 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 19 - The continued presence of the allele that causes...Ch. 19 - According to the HardyWeinberg principle, (a)...Ch. 19 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 19 - Mutation (a) leads to adaptive evolutionary change...Ch. 19 - Which of the following is not true of natural...Ch. 19 - If all copies of a given locus have the same...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 19 - EVOLUTION LINK Given that mutations are almost...Ch. 19 - Prob. 14TYUCh. 19 - Prob. 15TYUCh. 19 - EVOLUTION LINK Evolution is sometimes...Ch. 19 - INTERPRET DATA The recessive allele that causes...Ch. 19 - PREDICT You study males in populations of a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19TYU
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- Natural selection occurs only if there is both (1) variation in the genetic information between organisms in a population and (2) variation in the expression of that genetic information—that is, trait variation—that leads to differences in performance among individuals. What kind of variation might exist in bioluminescing organisms, and what differences in performance might result? (Remember, evolution is a consequence of the interaction of four factors: (1) the potential for a species to increase in number, (2) the genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction, (3) competition for an environment’s limited supply of the resources that individuals need in order to survive and reproduce, and (4) the ensuing proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in that environment.)arrow_forwardThe genetic description of an individual is its genotype, whereas the genetic description of a population is its (a) phenotype (b) gene pool (c) genetic drift (d) founder effect (e) changes in allele frequenciesarrow_forwardUnlike natural selection, is not related to an individual’s ability to survive and may result in offspring that are less well adapted to survive in a particular environment. (a) genetic drift (b) sexual selection (c) directional selection (d) convergent evolutionarrow_forward
- The Hardy–Weinberg principle may be applicable if (a) the population size is small (b) migration occurs only at the beginning of the breeding season (c) mutations occur at a constant rate (d) matings occur exclusively between individuals of the same genotype (e) natural selection does not occurarrow_forwardThe MN blood group is of interest to population geneticists because (a) people with genotype MN cannot receive blood transfusions from either MM or NN people (b) the MM, MN, and NN genotype frequencies can be observed directly and compared with calculated expected frequencies (c) the M allele is dominant to the N allele (d) people with the MN genotype exhibit frequency-dependent selection (e) people with the MN genotype exhibit heterozygote advantagearrow_forwardAccording to the Hardy-Weinberg law of equilibrium: Question 1 options: A) In absence of mutation and natural selection, the frequencies of the genotypes will remain stable because no evolutionary change takes place. B) In absence of gene flow, the frequencies of the genotypes will remain stable because no evolutionary change takes place. C) In absence of genetic drift, the frequencies of the genotypes will remain stable because no evolutionary change takes place. D) All of the above. E) None of the above.arrow_forward
- Chirping in birds is controlled by two alleles (C and c) at a single genetic locus. Birds with genotypes CC or Cc can chirp, and those with genotype cc cannot chirp. a) Would the C and c alleles in birds be considered paralogous? Explain your answer ( b) The ability to chirp has a strong impact on fitness. Is the chirping gene more likely to evolve by drift or selection? Explain your answer c) Is chirping a quantitative trait? Why?arrow_forwarda). define fitness in terms of an evolutionary term what does fitness mean? b). by what process would analogous structures evolve so they look alike? c). by what process would 2 related but geographically separated groups evolve similar adaptations independently.arrow_forwardDefine natural selection using the 5 points below to explain its role in understanding primate behavior. (1) there is variation among individuals; (2) some of that variation is heritable; (3) there is always competition between individuals for resources; (4) some variants outcompete other variants and leave more offspring; (5) to the extent that the parent's traits are heritable, then a larger portion of the next generation will reflect those traits.arrow_forward
- PINE TREE NEEDLES Variation among members of a population can lead to natural selection, but only if two conditions are met: First, the trait must be relevant to an individual's survival and/or reproductive rate. Second, variation in this trait must be heritable, that is, at least partly controlled by genes. a. How might you design an experiment to determine the importance of needle length in determining survival and reproduction? b. How might you test the extent to which needle length is heritable?arrow_forwardAlternatively, selection may be performed during mating, where mating is done after a selection process of one of the sexes. The surviving individuals can pass on their (1) to the next generation. When these variations are sustained over a long time and the population changes so that it can no longer (2) with the parent population, a new species is said to have evolved.arrow_forward"Individuals do not evolve; populations do" Discuss the validity of this statement with respect to the evolution of : a) Monogenic or qualitative traits such as flower colour b) Polygenic or quantitative traits such as long necks in giraffesarrow_forward
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