The product obtained in the reaction of 3-acetylfuran with nitric acid and sulfuric acid has to be given. Concept Introduction: The reaction of sulfuric acid and nitric acid results in the generation of nitronium ion which attacks the most nucleophilic position of the reactant. The nucleophilicity of the carbon atoms present in the furan depends upon the nature of substituents attached to it.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 19, Problem 40P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained in the reaction of 3-acetylfuran with nitric acid and sulfuric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The reaction of sulfuric acid and nitric acid results in the generation of nitronium ion which attacks the most nucleophilic position of the reactant. The nucleophilicity of the carbon atoms present in the furan depends upon the nature of substituents attached to it.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product formed in the reaction of 2-nitrothiophene with bromine has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The reaction of bromine with alkyl and aryl groups is a type of electrophilic substitution reaction in which Br+ ion attacks as electrophile. The nucleophilicity of the carbon atoms present in the thiophene depends upon the nature of substituents attached to it.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of 4-dimethylaminepyridine with methyl iodide has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Tertiary amines exist as quaternary ammonium salts in the electrolytic solution. Quaternary ammonium salts are the salts of nitrogen in which four groups are attached to nitrogen and it exhibits a positive charge which is stabilized by the negative charges present in the solution.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of pyridione with PCl3 has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Phosphorus trichloride reacts with hydroxyl group and leads to the formation of HPOCl2 and chloride substituted alkyl group. This is a type of substitution reaction in which bromine atom substitute’s hydroxyl atom present in the molecule.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of 1,4-dimethylpyridine hydroxide with formic acid and hydrochloric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Tertiary amines exist as quaternary ammonium salts in the electrolytic solution. Quaternary ammonium salts are the salts of nitrogen in which four groups are attached to nitrogen and it exhibits a positive charge which is stabilized by the negative charges present in the solution.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of pyrrole with CH3CH2MgBr has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The alkyl group attached to magnesium bromide acts as a nucleophile because carbon atom is more electronegative as compared to magnesium due to which carbon atom exhibits partial negative charge in the reaction of Grignard reagent.

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Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 19, Problem 40P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained in the reaction of 3-acetylfuran with nitric acid and sulfuric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The reaction of sulfuric acid and nitric acid results in the generation of nitronium ion which attacks the most nucleophilic position of the reactant. The nucleophilicity of the carbon atoms present in the furan depends upon the nature of substituents attached to it.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product formed in the reaction of 2-nitrothiophene with bromine has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The reaction of bromine with alkyl and aryl groups is a type of electrophilic substitution reaction in which Br+ ion attacks as electrophile. The nucleophilicity of the carbon atoms present in the thiophene depends upon the nature of substituents attached to it.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of 4-dimethylaminepyridine with methyl iodide has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Tertiary amines exist as quaternary ammonium salts in the electrolytic solution. Quaternary ammonium salts are the salts of nitrogen in which four groups are attached to nitrogen and it exhibits a positive charge which is stabilized by the negative charges present in the solution.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of pyridione with PCl3 has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Phosphorus trichloride reacts with hydroxyl group and leads to the formation of HPOCl2 and chloride substituted alkyl group. This is a type of substitution reaction in which bromine atom substitute’s hydroxyl atom present in the molecule.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of 1,4-dimethylpyridine hydroxide with formic acid and hydrochloric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Tertiary amines exist as quaternary ammonium salts in the electrolytic solution. Quaternary ammonium salts are the salts of nitrogen in which four groups are attached to nitrogen and it exhibits a positive charge which is stabilized by the negative charges present in the solution.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of pyrrole with CH3CH2MgBr has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The alkyl group attached to magnesium bromide acts as a nucleophile because carbon atom is more electronegative as compared to magnesium due to which carbon atom exhibits partial negative charge in the reaction of Grignard reagent.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 19, Problem 40P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained in the reaction of 3-acetylfuran with nitric acid and sulfuric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The reaction of sulfuric acid and nitric acid results in the generation of nitronium ion which attacks the most nucleophilic position of the reactant. The nucleophilicity of the carbon atoms present in the furan depends upon the nature of substituents attached to it.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product formed in the reaction of 2-nitrothiophene with bromine has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The reaction of bromine with alkyl and aryl groups is a type of electrophilic substitution reaction in which Br+ ion attacks as electrophile. The nucleophilicity of the carbon atoms present in the thiophene depends upon the nature of substituents attached to it.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of 4-dimethylaminepyridine with methyl iodide has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Tertiary amines exist as quaternary ammonium salts in the electrolytic solution. Quaternary ammonium salts are the salts of nitrogen in which four groups are attached to nitrogen and it exhibits a positive charge which is stabilized by the negative charges present in the solution.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of pyridione with PCl3 has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Phosphorus trichloride reacts with hydroxyl group and leads to the formation of HPOCl2 and chloride substituted alkyl group. This is a type of substitution reaction in which bromine atom substitute’s hydroxyl atom present in the molecule.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of 1,4-dimethylpyridine hydroxide with formic acid and hydrochloric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Tertiary amines exist as quaternary ammonium salts in the electrolytic solution. Quaternary ammonium salts are the salts of nitrogen in which four groups are attached to nitrogen and it exhibits a positive charge which is stabilized by the negative charges present in the solution.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of pyrrole with CH3CH2MgBr has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The alkyl group attached to magnesium bromide acts as a nucleophile because carbon atom is more electronegative as compared to magnesium due to which carbon atom exhibits partial negative charge in the reaction of Grignard reagent.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 19, Problem 40P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained in the reaction of 3-acetylfuran with nitric acid and sulfuric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The reaction of sulfuric acid and nitric acid results in the generation of nitronium ion which attacks the most nucleophilic position of the reactant. The nucleophilicity of the carbon atoms present in the furan depends upon the nature of substituents attached to it.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product formed in the reaction of 2-nitrothiophene with bromine has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The reaction of bromine with alkyl and aryl groups is a type of electrophilic substitution reaction in which Br+ ion attacks as electrophile. The nucleophilicity of the carbon atoms present in the thiophene depends upon the nature of substituents attached to it.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of 4-dimethylaminepyridine with methyl iodide has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Tertiary amines exist as quaternary ammonium salts in the electrolytic solution. Quaternary ammonium salts are the salts of nitrogen in which four groups are attached to nitrogen and it exhibits a positive charge which is stabilized by the negative charges present in the solution.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of pyridione with PCl3 has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Phosphorus trichloride reacts with hydroxyl group and leads to the formation of HPOCl2 and chloride substituted alkyl group. This is a type of substitution reaction in which bromine atom substitute’s hydroxyl atom present in the molecule.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of 1,4-dimethylpyridine hydroxide with formic acid and hydrochloric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Tertiary amines exist as quaternary ammonium salts in the electrolytic solution. Quaternary ammonium salts are the salts of nitrogen in which four groups are attached to nitrogen and it exhibits a positive charge which is stabilized by the negative charges present in the solution.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of pyrrole with CH3CH2MgBr has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The alkyl group attached to magnesium bromide acts as a nucleophile because carbon atom is more electronegative as compared to magnesium due to which carbon atom exhibits partial negative charge in the reaction of Grignard reagent.

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Answer 5

Chapter 19, Problem 40P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained in the reaction of 3-acetylfuran with nitric acid and sulfuric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The reaction of sulfuric acid and nitric acid results in the generation of nitronium ion which attacks the most nucleophilic position of the reactant. The nucleophilicity of the carbon atoms present in the furan depends upon the nature of substituents attached to it.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product formed in the reaction of 2-nitrothiophene with bromine has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The reaction of bromine with alkyl and aryl groups is a type of electrophilic substitution reaction in which Br+ ion attacks as electrophile. The nucleophilicity of the carbon atoms present in the thiophene depends upon the nature of substituents attached to it.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of 4-dimethylaminepyridine with methyl iodide has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Tertiary amines exist as quaternary ammonium salts in the electrolytic solution. Quaternary ammonium salts are the salts of nitrogen in which four groups are attached to nitrogen and it exhibits a positive charge which is stabilized by the negative charges present in the solution.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of pyridione with PCl3 has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Phosphorus trichloride reacts with hydroxyl group and leads to the formation of HPOCl2 and chloride substituted alkyl group. This is a type of substitution reaction in which bromine atom substitute’s hydroxyl atom present in the molecule.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of 1,4-dimethylpyridine hydroxide with formic acid and hydrochloric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Tertiary amines exist as quaternary ammonium salts in the electrolytic solution. Quaternary ammonium salts are the salts of nitrogen in which four groups are attached to nitrogen and it exhibits a positive charge which is stabilized by the negative charges present in the solution.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of pyrrole with CH3CH2MgBr has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The alkyl group attached to magnesium bromide acts as a nucleophile because carbon atom is more electronegative as compared to magnesium due to which carbon atom exhibits partial negative charge in the reaction of Grignard reagent.

Answer 6

Chapter 19, Problem 40P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained in the reaction of 3-acetylfuran with nitric acid and sulfuric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The reaction of sulfuric acid and nitric acid results in the generation of nitronium ion which attacks the most nucleophilic position of the reactant. The nucleophilicity of the carbon atoms present in the furan depends upon the nature of substituents attached to it.

Answer 7

Chapter 19, Problem 40P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained in the reaction of 3-acetylfuran with nitric acid and sulfuric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The reaction of sulfuric acid and nitric acid results in the generation of nitronium ion which attacks the most nucleophilic position of the reactant. The nucleophilicity of the carbon atoms present in the furan depends upon the nature of substituents attached to it.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product formed in the reaction of 2-nitrothiophene with bromine has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The reaction of bromine with alkyl and aryl groups is a type of electrophilic substitution reaction in which Br+ ion attacks as electrophile. The nucleophilicity of the carbon atoms present in the thiophene depends upon the nature of substituents attached to it.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product formed in the reaction of 2-nitrothiophene with bromine has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The reaction of bromine with alkyl and aryl groups is a type of electrophilic substitution reaction in which Br+ ion attacks as electrophile. The nucleophilicity of the carbon atoms present in the thiophene depends upon the nature of substituents attached to it.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of 4-dimethylaminepyridine with methyl iodide has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Tertiary amines exist as quaternary ammonium salts in the electrolytic solution. Quaternary ammonium salts are the salts of nitrogen in which four groups are attached to nitrogen and it exhibits a positive charge which is stabilized by the negative charges present in the solution.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of 4-dimethylaminepyridine with methyl iodide has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Tertiary amines exist as quaternary ammonium salts in the electrolytic solution. Quaternary ammonium salts are the salts of nitrogen in which four groups are attached to nitrogen and it exhibits a positive charge which is stabilized by the negative charges present in the solution.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of pyridione with PCl3 has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Phosphorus trichloride reacts with hydroxyl group and leads to the formation of HPOCl2 and chloride substituted alkyl group. This is a type of substitution reaction in which bromine atom substitute’s hydroxyl atom present in the molecule.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of pyridione with PCl3 has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Phosphorus trichloride reacts with hydroxyl group and leads to the formation of HPOCl2 and chloride substituted alkyl group. This is a type of substitution reaction in which bromine atom substitute’s hydroxyl atom present in the molecule.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of 1,4-dimethylpyridine hydroxide with formic acid and hydrochloric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Tertiary amines exist as quaternary ammonium salts in the electrolytic solution. Quaternary ammonium salts are the salts of nitrogen in which four groups are attached to nitrogen and it exhibits a positive charge which is stabilized by the negative charges present in the solution.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of 1,4-dimethylpyridine hydroxide with formic acid and hydrochloric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Tertiary amines exist as quaternary ammonium salts in the electrolytic solution. Quaternary ammonium salts are the salts of nitrogen in which four groups are attached to nitrogen and it exhibits a positive charge which is stabilized by the negative charges present in the solution.

Answer 16

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of pyrrole with CH3CH2MgBr has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The alkyl group attached to magnesium bromide acts as a nucleophile because carbon atom is more electronegative as compared to magnesium due to which carbon atom exhibits partial negative charge in the reaction of Grignard reagent.

Answer 17

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product obtained in the reaction of pyrrole with CH3CH2MgBr has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The alkyl group attached to magnesium bromide acts as a nucleophile because carbon atom is more electronegative as compared to magnesium due to which carbon atom exhibits partial negative charge in the reaction of Grignard reagent.

Answer 18

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Answer 19

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Answer 20

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Answer 21

Ch. 19.1 - Name the following:Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 3P Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 4P Ch. 19.3 - Draw the product of each of the following...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 6P Ch. 19.5 - Explain why cyclopentadiene (pKa = 15) is more...Ch. 19.5 - When pyrrole is added to a dilute solution of...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 10P Ch. 19.6 - How to the mechanisms of the following reactions...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 12P

Solution Summary: The author explains the reaction of 3-acetylfuran with nitric acid and sulfuric acid results in the generation of nitronium ion which attacks the most nucleophilic position of the reactant

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Chapter 19 Solutions