Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134042435
Author: Michael D. Johnson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 19, Problem 3TY
Which of the following statements correctly expresses the relationship between dominant and recessive alleles?
a. A dominant allele is always the preferred or most beneficial allele.
b. A dominant allele is only expressed when it is homozygous.
c. A dominant allele masks the expression of a recessive allele in a heterozygote.
d. A dominant allele is always the most numerous allele in the population.
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In humans, there is a gene that influences the ability to smell the
thioesters present in urine after asparagus is eaten. The ability to smell
these compounds is an autosomal dominant trait.
A is dominant and confers the ability to smell these thioesters
a is recessive and does NOT confer the ability to smell these
thioesters
p = freq (A) = frequency of allele A in the population = number of A
alleles/ total number of alleles
%3D
q = freq (a) = frequency of allele a in the population
where p + q = 1 and, therefore, p? + 2pq + q? = 1 and
%3D
%D
p? = freq (AA) = frequency of genotype AA = number of AA
individuals/ total number of individuals
%3D
2pq = freq (Aa) = frequency of genotype Aa
q? = freq (aa) = frequency of genotype aa
Phenotype
Number of People
Able to smell thioesters
378
Unable to smell thioesters
1323
Total
1701
1. Calculate p and q for this population.
2. Calculate p?, 2pq, and q? for this population.
The difference between dominant and recessive traits is …
Group of answer choices:
A.genes for dominant traits are passed on preferentially.
B.effects of recessive traits can be hidden by effects of dominant traits.
C.recessive traits are deleterious (bad for the organism) and dominant traits are not.
D.dominant genes produce proteins, recessive genes do not.
E.dominant traits are more likely to be expressed in males.
Which of the following statements best describe the equation P = G + E + (G X E)?*
a. The phenotype is the sum of the genotype and the environment.
b. The phenotype of an organism is determined by its genetic traits.
c. The phenotype is the total characteristics displayed by an organism that results from the expression of the genes as well as the influence of environmental factors.
d. The phenotype is the observable and measurable characteristics of an organism as a result of the interaction of the genes of the organism, environmental factors, and random variation.
Chapter 19 Solutions
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
Ch. 19 - If you might be a carrier of a gene for an...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2QCCh. 19 - Prob. 1CRCh. 19 - Prob. 2CRCh. 19 -
3. Distinguish between genotype and phenotype.
Ch. 19 - Describe the contributions of Mendel to the field...Ch. 19 - Explain how alterations of chromosome number and...Ch. 19 - Prob. 6CRCh. 19 - Prob. 7CRCh. 19 - Describe what is meant by sex-linked inheritance.
Ch. 19 -
9. Explain why lethal diseases caused by dominant...Ch. 19 - Prob. 10CRCh. 19 - All of the following statements about homologous...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2TYCh. 19 -
3. Which of the following statements correctly...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4TYCh. 19 - Prob. 5TYCh. 19 - Prob. 6TYCh. 19 - Prob. 7TYCh. 19 - Which of the following results in the separation...Ch. 19 - Prob. 9TYCh. 19 - Prob. 10TYCh. 19 - What tool is used to determine the probabilities...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12TYCh. 19 - What is the basis for the tremendous genetic...Ch. 19 - Prob. 14TYCh. 19 -
15. Which of the following events or processes...Ch. 19 -
1. What fraction of the offspring of two...Ch. 19 -
2. Why is it that the range of resting blood...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3AWKCh. 19 - Geneticists often study patterns of gene transfer...Ch. 19 - Prob. 5AWKCh. 19 - Prob. 6AWKCh. 19 - Nondisjunction during meiosis can lead to the...
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- Which of the following is false? a. The color of a fruit fly's eyes is a trait. b. The instructions for producing a trait are found in a gene that controls the physical expression of that trait. c. A gene can have different alleles that can specify different traits, such as red or brown eye color. d. The trait is influenced by the gene, independent of the environment. e. By studying the patterns of traits over generations of an organism, the genetic composition of an organism can be deduced.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements correctly describes the Law of Independent Assortment? Select one: a. Sometimes all alleles lack dominance, which leads to a blending of traits. b. The allele a gamete receives for one gene does not influence the allele received for another gene, if the two genes are located on different chromosomes. c. The dominant allele is represented with an uppercase letter and the recessive allele is represented with a lowercase letter. d. A large Punnett square can be used to predict the outcome of a parental cross involving two traits.arrow_forwardA gene for a particular trait that is expressed when two copies (homozygous) or just one copy of the same allele are present (heterozygous), is called a(n): A. Dominant trait. B. Codominant trait. C. Incompletely dominant trait. D. Recessive trait. E. Multiple allele.arrow_forward
- Codominance occurs when Select one: A. both of the alleles in a heterozygote are equally expressed phenotypically in an individual. B. offspring exhibit several different phenotypic expressions of a single trait. C. expression of two different alleles alternates from one generation to the next. D. a heterozygote expresses an intermediate phenotype.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements correctly describes the Law of Independent Assortment? a. A large Punnett square can be used to predict the outcome of a parental cross involving two traits. b. Non-allelic genes do not affect each other if they are located on separate chromosomes. c. Sometimes all alleles lack dominance, which leads to a blending of traits. d. The dominant allele is represented with an uppercase letter and the recessive allele is represented with a lowercase letter.arrow_forwardIdentify each of the following as an example of allele, genotype, and/or phenotype frequency: A. Approximately 1 in 2500 people of Northern European descent is born with cystic fibrosis. B. The percentage of carriers of the sickle cell allele in West Africa is approximately 13%. C. The number of new mutations for achondroplasia, a genetic disorder, is approximately 5 × 10–5.arrow_forward
- ... Answer and explainarrow_forwardIn a hypothetical population, matings involving two individuals heterozygous for the phenylketonuria allele on chromosome 12 result in 10% of the offspring showing the effects of the disease. This percentage arises because: A. the trait has pleiotropic effect B. the trait assorts independently C. the trait has low expressivity D. the trait has only partial penetrance E. the trait is sex-influencedarrow_forwardWhich of the following is false? a. the pollen grain shape was studied by Mendel. b. Mendel believed that the characteristics of pea plants were determined by the inheritance units or factors from both parents. c. An allele is one of several possible forms of a gene. d. When the genotype consists of a dominant and recessive allele, the phenotype will be like the dominant allele.arrow_forward
- When a plant breeder crossed two red roses, 78% of the offspring had red flowers and 22% had white flowers. According to these results, the allele for red flowers is most likely: A. Recessive B. Dominant C. Incompletely Dominant D. Influenced by multiple allelesarrow_forwardYou discover a new species of butterfly with wing colors ranging from red to blue and everything in between. You want to understand the factors that determine wing coloration. You rear butterflies on two different diets and create the plot below. Which of the following can you likely conclude from this data (check all that apply): Diet 1 Diet 2 blue red Color O Color in this species is a polygenic trait O Color in this species is a result of epistasis O Color in this species is pleiotropic Color in this species is not heritable O Color in this species is affected by the environment Frequency 10 20 30 40 50arrow_forwardAlbinos produce very little of the pigment melanin in their skin and hair. Albinism is inherited as a homozygous recessive trait. In North America, about 1 in 20,000 people are albinos. a. What is the frequency of the dominant allele for albinism?b. What is the frequency of albinos?c. What is the frequency of heterozygotes?arrow_forward
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