Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 19, Problem 31E
Demonstrate that 1 pc equals
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C01: Physical Quantities, Units and Measurements
4
A student wanted to measure the diameter of a cylindrical water bottle.
Which of the following gives the most accurate measurement?
A
B
CD
Take three measurements of the diameter using a rule before finding the
average.
Take three measurements of the diameter using a digital micrometer screw
gauge, resetting to zero before every measurement before finding the
average.
Take three measurements of the diameter using the digital calipers,
resetting to zero before every measurement before finding the average.
Take three measurements of the diameter using the digital calipers without
resetting to zero before every measurement before finding the average.
The resultant force FR acting on an object is given by, FR = ma, where m is the mass of
the object in kg and a is the acceleration of the object in m/s².
Which unit is equivalent to the unit for force?
A
B
с
D
kg ms²
kg m²s
kg m/s²
kg m²/s²
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C01: Physical Quantities, Units and Measurements
10 A student uses a rule to measure a thin piece of wire.
wire
0 1
cm
2
3
4
5
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14
15
(a) State two errors in the student's measurement of the length of wire.
[2]
The student records the length of the wire as 12.8 cm.
[E]
The student is asked to measure the thickness of the wire using a pencil and the
same rule. Suggest how this can be done as accurately as possible.
[4]
(b) The student finds out that the density of the wire is 2.7 g/cm³. Express 2.7 g/cm³ in
kg/m³.
[2]
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C01: Physical Quantities, Units and Measurements
8
The following shows a pencil.
(a)
pencil
sharpened
section
Describe how you would use a piece of string and a rule to determine the
circumference c of the unsharpened section of the pencil.
[3]
nd pupp
e
e E
(b)
The student's value for the circumference c is 2.5 cm.
Suggest a source of error in determining the circumference of the pencil.
[1]
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(c)
Show the volume V of the unsharpened section of the pencil is V = c²x
[3]
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Express the volume VE of the sharpened section of the pencil in terms of c and y.
pilasi to leeries to rignal on [3]
State any assumptions made. lau besser
A student is required to measure the thickness of a ream of 500 sheets of A4 size paper.
He is supplied with a plastic rule, a digital micrometer screw gauge and a pair of digital
calipers.
(a) Choose the instrument that is most suitable to measure the thickness of the ream of
paper. Give two…
Chapter 19 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 19 - Explain how parallax measurements can be used to...Ch. 19 - Suppose you have discovered a new cepheid variable...Ch. 19 - Explain how you would use the spectrum of a star...Ch. 19 - Which method would you use to obtain the distance...Ch. 19 - What are the luminosity class and spectral type of...Ch. 19 - The meter was redefined as a reference to Earth,...Ch. 19 - While a meter is the fundamental unit of length,...Ch. 19 - Most distances in the Galaxy are measured in...Ch. 19 - The AU is defined as the average distance between...Ch. 19 - What would be the advantage of making parallax...
Ch. 19 - Parallaxes are measured in fractions of an...Ch. 19 - For centuries, astronomers wondered whether comets...Ch. 19 - The Sun is much closer to Earth than are the...Ch. 19 - Parallaxes of stars are sometimes measured...Ch. 19 - Estimating the luminosity class of an M star is...Ch. 19 - Figure 19.9 is the light curve for the prototype...Ch. 19 - Which of the following can you determine about a...Ch. 19 - A G2 star has a luminosity 100 times that of the...Ch. 19 - A star has a temperature of 10,000 K and a...Ch. 19 - What is the advantage of measuring a parallax...Ch. 19 - What is the disadvantage of the parallax method,...Ch. 19 - Luhman 16 and WISE 0720 are brown dwarfs, also...Ch. 19 - Most stars close to the Sun are red dwarfs. What...Ch. 19 - Why would it be easier to measure the...Ch. 19 - When Henrietta Leavitt discovered the...Ch. 19 - A radar astronomer who is new at the job claims...Ch. 19 - The New Horizons probe flew past Pluto in July...Ch. 19 - Estimate the maximum and minimum time it takes a...Ch. 19 - The Apollo program (not the lunar missions with...Ch. 19 - In 1974, the Arecibo Radio telescope in Puerto...Ch. 19 - Demonstrate that 1 pc equals 3.091013 k m and that...Ch. 19 - The best parallaxes obtained with Hipparcos have...Ch. 19 - Astronomers are always making comparisons between...Ch. 19 - Gaia will have greatly improved precision over the...Ch. 19 - Using the same techniques as used in Exercise...Ch. 19 - The human eye is capable of an angular resolution...Ch. 19 - How much better is the resolution of the Gaia...Ch. 19 - The most recently discovered system close to Earth...Ch. 19 - What would the parallax of Luhman 16 (see Exercise...Ch. 19 - The New Horizons probe that passed by Pluto during...Ch. 19 - What physical properties are different for an M...
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- 5 C01: Physical Quantities, Units and Measurements 4 Complete the table by stating a suitable instrument for obtaining each of the following lengths to be measured. (6) Length to be measured (a) 12.0 cm (b) 8.880 mm (c) 4.440 cm (d) (e) internal diameter of a test tubes bas thickness of a wire (f) height of a bedroom Suitable Instrument 5 Fill in the blanks by making estimates of each of the following quantities. [5] (a) The thickness of a sheet of paper = mm (b) The time for one heartbeat = (c) The mass of 500 cm3 of water = S g (d) The height of a 4-year-old = 3 (e) The average human reaction time S hoda 6 A student has a stack of 20 identical coins. The following diagram shows the student measuring the height of the stack using a rule.uis en cm 15. 10 7 eye (6) ream of (3) emuntani na mBM (0) 5. stack of 20 coins 0 (b) With his eye at the position shown, the student's measurement of the height of the stack is 6.8 cm. (a) Suggest two reasons why the student's measurement is…arrow_forwardoutside the theory of evolution, the spontaneous emergence of complexity and information from randomness is not recognized in nature. true or falsearrow_forwardNo chatgpt pls will upvotearrow_forward
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