Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 19, Problem 28E
Estimate the maximum and minimum time it takes a radar signal to make the round trip between Earth and Venus, which has a semimajor axis of 0.72 AU.
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How long would a radar signal take to complete a roundtrip between Earth and Mars when the two planets are 0.7 AU apart?
The Mars Robotic Lander for which we are making these calculations is designed to return samples of rock from Mars after a long time of collecting samples, exploring the area around the landing site, and making chemical analyses of rocks and dust in the landing area. One synodic period is required for Earth to be in the same place relative to mars as when it landed.
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Chapter 19 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 19 - Explain how parallax measurements can be used to...Ch. 19 - Suppose you have discovered a new cepheid variable...Ch. 19 - Explain how you would use the spectrum of a star...Ch. 19 - Which method would you use to obtain the distance...Ch. 19 - What are the luminosity class and spectral type of...Ch. 19 - The meter was redefined as a reference to Earth,...Ch. 19 - While a meter is the fundamental unit of length,...Ch. 19 - Most distances in the Galaxy are measured in...Ch. 19 - The AU is defined as the average distance between...Ch. 19 - What would be the advantage of making parallax...
Ch. 19 - Parallaxes are measured in fractions of an...Ch. 19 - For centuries, astronomers wondered whether comets...Ch. 19 - The Sun is much closer to Earth than are the...Ch. 19 - Parallaxes of stars are sometimes measured...Ch. 19 - Estimating the luminosity class of an M star is...Ch. 19 - Figure 19.9 is the light curve for the prototype...Ch. 19 - Which of the following can you determine about a...Ch. 19 - A G2 star has a luminosity 100 times that of the...Ch. 19 - A star has a temperature of 10,000 K and a...Ch. 19 - What is the advantage of measuring a parallax...Ch. 19 - What is the disadvantage of the parallax method,...Ch. 19 - Luhman 16 and WISE 0720 are brown dwarfs, also...Ch. 19 - Most stars close to the Sun are red dwarfs. What...Ch. 19 - Why would it be easier to measure the...Ch. 19 - When Henrietta Leavitt discovered the...Ch. 19 - A radar astronomer who is new at the job claims...Ch. 19 - The New Horizons probe flew past Pluto in July...Ch. 19 - Estimate the maximum and minimum time it takes a...Ch. 19 - The Apollo program (not the lunar missions with...Ch. 19 - In 1974, the Arecibo Radio telescope in Puerto...Ch. 19 - Demonstrate that 1 pc equals 3.091013 k m and that...Ch. 19 - The best parallaxes obtained with Hipparcos have...Ch. 19 - Astronomers are always making comparisons between...Ch. 19 - Gaia will have greatly improved precision over the...Ch. 19 - Using the same techniques as used in Exercise...Ch. 19 - The human eye is capable of an angular resolution...Ch. 19 - How much better is the resolution of the Gaia...Ch. 19 - The most recently discovered system close to Earth...Ch. 19 - What would the parallax of Luhman 16 (see Exercise...Ch. 19 - The New Horizons probe that passed by Pluto during...Ch. 19 - What physical properties are different for an M...
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- Galileos telescope showed him that Venus has a large angular diameter (61 arc seconds) when it is a crescent and a small angular diameter (10 arc seconds) when it is nearly full. Use the small-angle formula to find the ratio of its maximum to minimum distance from Earth. Is this ratio compatible with the Ptolemaic universe shown in Figure 3b of the Chapter 4 Concept Art: An Ancient Model of the Universe?arrow_forwardComet Halley (Fig. P11.21) approaches the Sun to within 0.570 AU, and its orbital period is 75.6 yr. (AU is the symbol for astronomical unit, where 1 AU = 1.50 1011 m is the mean EarthSun distance.) How far from the Sun will Halleys comet travel before it starts its return journey?arrow_forwardVenus orbits 0.72 AU from the Sun. What is that distance in kilometers? (Hint: See Problem 3.)arrow_forward
- The chart shows the length of time for each planet, in Earth days, to make one complete revolution around the Sun. Orbital Period of Planets iY the Solar System Orbital Period (Earth days) 88 225 365 687 4333 10 759 30 685 60 189 Planet Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Satum Uranus Neptune Source: NASA Use the data table above to compare the length of a year on Mars and Neptune. (HS-ESS1-4) a. One year on Neptune is almost 100 times longer than a year on Mars. b. One year on these two planets is nearly equal. c. One year on Mars is almost 100 times longer than a year on Neptune. d. One year these two planets is roughly equal to a year on Earth. Use the data table above to determine which of the following statements is TRUE. (HS-ESS1-4) a. There is no relationship between a planet's distance from the Sun and its length of year. b. The closer a planet is to the Sun, the longer the planet's year. c. One year on all planets is about 365 days long. d. The farther away a planet is from the…arrow_forward6arrow_forwardEstimate the distance between Venus and Earth in km and AU. Express your answer using two significant figures.arrow_forward
- The angle on the sky between Venus and the Sun is measured to be 46.3° when Venus is at greatest eastern elongation. What is the distance of Venus from the Sun, measured in AU? Choose the answer below that most closely matches your answer. Select one: а. 1.763 AU O b. 0.587 AU Ос. 0.652 AU O d. 0.846 AU Ое. 0.723 AUarrow_forwardhow many seconds are in a mars year that has approx 678 earth days ?arrow_forwardHow will you determine the distance of Mars from Earth?arrow_forward
- Consider the attached light curve for a transiting planet observed by the Kepler mission. If the host star is identical to the sun, what is the radius of this planet? Give your answer in terms of the radius of Jupiter. Brightness of Star Residual Flux 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.006 0.002 0.000 -8-881 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 Time (days) → 0.02 0.04 0.06arrow_forwardBetween mars and Jupiter the asteroid ceres orbits the sun at an average radius of 2.766 AU. Use kelpers third law to calculate the time in earth it takes for ceres to make one complete orbit. Round up your answer to the correct number of significant digits.arrow_forwardCalculate the period T of a dwarf planet whose orbit has a semimajor axis of 400 AU.arrow_forward
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