Whether the evidences are present to support a dual gradient model, or the distal gradients of FGF proteins are sufficient alone, in relation to limb development. Introduction: The results based on the chick limb patterning summerized a model which consists of two opposing gradients, one is FGFs and Wnts from the distal APR(Apical epidermal ridge) and second gradient is retinoic acid from the proximal flank tissue. The evidence in support of this model derived from mesenchyma transplantation experiments by Cooper and colleagues in US and by Rosello-Diez and colleagues in spain. These experiments indicate that type of the bones depend upon the age of the mesenchyma. A balance is found to be present between the proximalizing of the bones by RA (retinoic acid) from the flank and distalizing of the bones mediated by the FGFs and Wnts of the AER.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 2DQ

Summary Introduction

To review:

Whether the evidences are present to support a dual gradient model, or the distal gradients of FGF proteins are sufficient alone, in relation to limb development.

Introduction:

The results based on the chick limb patterning summerized a model which consists of two opposing gradients, one is FGFs and Wnts from the distal APR(Apical epidermal ridge) and second gradient is retinoic acid from the proximal flank tissue. The evidence in support of this model derived from mesenchyma transplantation experiments by Cooper and colleagues in US and by Rosello-Diez and colleagues in spain. These experiments indicate that type of the bones depend upon the age of the mesenchyma. A balance is found to be present between the proximalizing of the bones by RA (retinoic acid) from the flank and distalizing of the bones mediated by the FGFs and Wnts of the AER.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 2DQ

Summary Introduction

To review:

Whether the evidences are present to support a dual gradient model, or the distal gradients of FGF proteins are sufficient alone, in relation to limb development.

Introduction:

The results based on the chick limb patterning summerized a model which consists of two opposing gradients, one is FGFs and Wnts from the distal APR(Apical epidermal ridge) and second gradient is retinoic acid from the proximal flank tissue. The evidence in support of this model derived from mesenchyma transplantation experiments by Cooper and colleagues in US and by Rosello-Diez and colleagues in spain. These experiments indicate that type of the bones depend upon the age of the mesenchyma. A balance is found to be present between the proximalizing of the bones by RA (retinoic acid) from the flank and distalizing of the bones mediated by the FGFs and Wnts of the AER.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 2DQ

Summary Introduction

To review:

Whether the evidences are present to support a dual gradient model, or the distal gradients of FGF proteins are sufficient alone, in relation to limb development.

Introduction:

The results based on the chick limb patterning summerized a model which consists of two opposing gradients, one is FGFs and Wnts from the distal APR(Apical epidermal ridge) and second gradient is retinoic acid from the proximal flank tissue. The evidence in support of this model derived from mesenchyma transplantation experiments by Cooper and colleagues in US and by Rosello-Diez and colleagues in spain. These experiments indicate that type of the bones depend upon the age of the mesenchyma. A balance is found to be present between the proximalizing of the bones by RA (retinoic acid) from the flank and distalizing of the bones mediated by the FGFs and Wnts of the AER.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 2DQ

Summary Introduction

To review:

Whether the evidences are present to support a dual gradient model, or the distal gradients of FGF proteins are sufficient alone, in relation to limb development.

Introduction:

The results based on the chick limb patterning summerized a model which consists of two opposing gradients, one is FGFs and Wnts from the distal APR(Apical epidermal ridge) and second gradient is retinoic acid from the proximal flank tissue. The evidence in support of this model derived from mesenchyma transplantation experiments by Cooper and colleagues in US and by Rosello-Diez and colleagues in spain. These experiments indicate that type of the bones depend upon the age of the mesenchyma. A balance is found to be present between the proximalizing of the bones by RA (retinoic acid) from the flank and distalizing of the bones mediated by the FGFs and Wnts of the AER.

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Answer 5

Chapter 19, Problem 2DQ

Summary Introduction

To review:

Whether the evidences are present to support a dual gradient model, or the distal gradients of FGF proteins are sufficient alone, in relation to limb development.

Introduction:

The results based on the chick limb patterning summerized a model which consists of two opposing gradients, one is FGFs and Wnts from the distal APR(Apical epidermal ridge) and second gradient is retinoic acid from the proximal flank tissue. The evidence in support of this model derived from mesenchyma transplantation experiments by Cooper and colleagues in US and by Rosello-Diez and colleagues in spain. These experiments indicate that type of the bones depend upon the age of the mesenchyma. A balance is found to be present between the proximalizing of the bones by RA (retinoic acid) from the flank and distalizing of the bones mediated by the FGFs and Wnts of the AER.

Answer 6

Chapter 19, Problem 2DQ

Summary Introduction

To review:

Whether the evidences are present to support a dual gradient model, or the distal gradients of FGF proteins are sufficient alone, in relation to limb development.

Introduction:

The results based on the chick limb patterning summerized a model which consists of two opposing gradients, one is FGFs and Wnts from the distal APR(Apical epidermal ridge) and second gradient is retinoic acid from the proximal flank tissue. The evidence in support of this model derived from mesenchyma transplantation experiments by Cooper and colleagues in US and by Rosello-Diez and colleagues in spain. These experiments indicate that type of the bones depend upon the age of the mesenchyma. A balance is found to be present between the proximalizing of the bones by RA (retinoic acid) from the flank and distalizing of the bones mediated by the FGFs and Wnts of the AER.

Answer 7

Chapter 19, Problem 2DQ

Summary Introduction

To review:

Whether the evidences are present to support a dual gradient model, or the distal gradients of FGF proteins are sufficient alone, in relation to limb development.

Introduction:

The results based on the chick limb patterning summerized a model which consists of two opposing gradients, one is FGFs and Wnts from the distal APR(Apical epidermal ridge) and second gradient is retinoic acid from the proximal flank tissue. The evidence in support of this model derived from mesenchyma transplantation experiments by Cooper and colleagues in US and by Rosello-Diez and colleagues in spain. These experiments indicate that type of the bones depend upon the age of the mesenchyma. A balance is found to be present between the proximalizing of the bones by RA (retinoic acid) from the flank and distalizing of the bones mediated by the FGFs and Wnts of the AER.

Answer 8

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Answer 11

Ch. 19 - Prob. 1DQ Ch. 19 - Prob. 2DQ Ch. 19 - Prob. 3DQ

Solution Summary: The author evaluates whether the evidences are present to support a dual gradient model or the distal gradients of FGF proteins are sufficient alone, in relation to limb development.

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