Chapter 19, Problem 2AC

Summary Introduction

To review:

The advantages of modern systematic and disadvantages or errors in reconstruction of family tree.

Introduction:

The topmost branches of the submerged trees cannot provide a full insight about the common branch point from which the topmost branches arise that is the ancestors of the topmost branches are not visible. The conventional systematic observes the similarities of appearance among existing organisms without any information about the ancestors of the existing species to construct the evolutionary tree or phylogenetic tree. The error of two exercises is the use of external appearance and the currently available species or branch points to find the ancestors or submerged branches.