(a)
Interpretation:
The performance of chloroplast ATP synthase in the presence of DDT alone and DDT+ with thioredoxin present should be monitored.
Concept introduction:
DDT stands for Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. This prevents the complete repolarization of mitochondria. High concentrations of DDT leads to the destruction of the structural integrity of mitochondria.
Thioredoxin is a class of small redox proteins, which acts as a redox signal in organisms.
(b)
Interpretation:
The graphical behavior of control enzyme and modified enzyme when DDT concentration increased along the x-axis should be monitored.
Concept introduction:
DDT which stands for Dithiothreitol is a reducing agent which is found in biological systems.
(c)
Interpretation:
The graphical behavior of modified enzyme which thioredoxin present and absent should be observed.
Concept introduction:
Thioredoxin & DDT are reducing agents known to be present in
(d)
Interpretation:
Overall four graphs should be monitored.
Concept introduction:
This experiment is planned to determine the responsible sub unit for the difference in ATPase activity in Chloroplast & Mitochondria.
(e)
Interpretation:
The biological process limited only to plants should be considered.
Concept introduction:
The biological process which is unique to plants is photosynthesis. It is the process of converting of the energy in sun light to chemical energy.
(f)
Interpretation:
For this part twenty amino acids with its structures should be considered.
Concept introduction:
Amino acid is the primary unit of protein. It has four groups as carbonyl group (- COOH),
(g)
Interpretation:
Experiments related to prove reducing ability of cysteine should be mentioned.
Concept introduction:
Reducing agents has the ability to reduce. It is the capability to capture electrons in the medium.
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Chapter 19 Solutions
Biochemistry
- In a diffraction experiment of a native crystal, intensity of reflection (-1 0 6) is equivalent to the intensity of reflection (1 0 -6). true or false?arrow_forwardin an x-ray diffraction experiment, moving the detector farther away from the crystal will allow collection of reflection of reflections with high Miller indices. true or false?arrow_forwardShow the mechanism for the acid-catalyzed formation of an [α-1,6] glycosidic linkagebetween two molecules of α-D-glucopyranose.arrow_forward
- Label the following polysaccharide derivatives as reducing or nonreducing. a. C. b. HO CH₂OH CH2OH OH OH OH OH OH HOCH₂ OH OH OH HOCH₂ HO HO HO OH OH ΙΟ CH₂OH OH OH "OH OHarrow_forwardFor a red blood cell (erythrocyte) undergoing active glycolysis, briefly explain how increases in concentration of the following factors are likely to affect glycolytic flux. a. ATP b. AMP c. F-1,6-BP d. F-2,6-BP e. Citrate f. Glucose-6-phosphatearrow_forwardThe ∆G°’ for hydrolysis of phosphoenol pyruvate is -62.2 kJ/mol. The standard freeenergy of ATP hydrolysis is -30.5 kJ/mol. A. What is the standard free energy and K eq of the spontaneous reaction betweenADP/ATP and phosphoenol pyruvate. B. Repeat A for F-1,6-BP (∆G°’=-16.7 kJ/mol) and 1,3-BPG (∆G°’=-49.6 kJ/mol)hydrolysis. C. If the ATP and ADP concentrations are 8mM and 1mM respectively, what would bethe ratio of pyruvate/phosphoenolpyruvate at equilibrium?arrow_forward
- Answerarrow_forward13. Which one is the major organic product of the following sequence of reactions? A OH (CH3)2CHCH2COOH SOCI2 CH3OH 1. CH3MgBr 2. H₂O, H+ B C D OH E OHarrow_forward14. Which one is the major organic product of the following sequence of reactions? (CH3)2CH-COCI CH3OH 1. DIBALH, -78°C 1. PhCH2MgBr ? 2. H2O, HCI 2. H2O, HCI OH OMe A Ph B Ph OH Ph C OMe Ph D E OH .Pharrow_forward
- 6. Which one is the major organic product obtained from the following reaction? CO₂Me 1. LiAlH4 2. H₂O CH₂OH CH₂OCH3 5555 HO A B HO C HO D CH₂OH E ?arrow_forward1. (10 points) Pulverized coal pellets, which may be ° approximated as carbon spheres of radius r = 1 mm, are burned in a pure oxygen atmosphere at 1450 K and 1 atm. Oxygen is transferred to the particle surface by diffusion, where it is consumed in the reaction C + O₂ →> CO₂. The reaction rate is first order and of the form No2 = k₁C₁₂(r), where k₁ = 0.1 m/s. Neglecting changes in r, determine the steady-state O₂ molar consumption rate in kmol/s. At 1450 K, the binary diffusion coefficient for O2 and CO2 is 1.71 x 10ª m²/s.arrow_forward2. (20 points) Consider combustion of hydrogen gas in a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen adjacent to the metal wall of a combustion chamber. Combustion occurs at constant temperature and pressure according to the chemical reaction 2H₂+ O₂→ 2H₂O. Measurements under steady-state conditions at 10 mm from the wall indicate that the molar concentrations of hydrogen, oxygen, and water vapor are 0.10, 0.10, and 0.20 kmol/m³, respectively. The generation rate of water vapor is 0.96x102 kmol/m³s throughout the region of interest. The binary diffusion coefficient for each of the species (H, O̟, and H₂O) in the remaining species is 0.6 X 10-5 m²/s. (a) Determine an expression for and make a qualitative plot of C as a function of distance from the wall. H2 (b) Determine the value of C2 at the wall. H2 (c) On the same coordinates used in part (a), sketch curves for the concentrations of oxygen and water vapor. This will require you to calculate Co, and C. 02 H20 (d) What is the molar flux of water…arrow_forward
BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning
BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305961135Author:Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougalPublisher:Cengage Learning