Chapter 19, Problem 25PE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula of Chloromethane has to e drawn.

Concept introduction:

IUPAC Nomenclature:

Alkyl halides are the derivatives of saturated hydrocarbons, in the nomenclature of these compounds are similar with the naming of saturated hydrocarbons.

Longest chain with halide substituent is the parent chain of the compound and remaining groups and atoms are considered as substituent.

Find the parent chin first then number the carbon atoms in the parent chain by giving lowest number to halide substituted carbon.

If more than one same substituent (halide) were occurs, add a prefix (di-, tri-, tetra-, ect..) in front of parent chain name.

Finally the systematic name was written as, the substituent position number with prefix (di-, tri-, tetra-, ect..) of number of substituents followed by name of the substituent then write the parent chain name (which contains large number of carbon atoms in the chain).

The parent chain names based on the carbon atoms are,

  $\begin{array}{l}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{-CH}}_3\text{Ethane}\\ {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{-CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{-CH}}_3\text{Propane}\\ {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{-CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{-CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{-CH}}_3\text{Butane}\\ {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{-CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{-CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{-CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{-}{\text{CH}}_3\text{Pentane}\end{array}$

The halide substituent names are,

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{F-}\text{Fluoro}\\ \text{Cl-}\text{Chloro}\\ \text{Br-}\text{Bromo}\\ \text{I-}\text{Iodo}\end{array}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula of vinyl chloride has to e drawn.

Concept introduction:

Refer art (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula of Chloroform has to e drawn.

Concept introduction:

Refer art (a).

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula of 1,1-dibromoethane has to e drawn.

Concept introduction:

Refer art (a).