Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605197
Author: Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 19, Problem 24RQ
Graphing question: You are given a chemical Z and told to determine how it is handled by the kidneys of a mouse. After a series of experiments, you determine that (a) Z is freely filtered; (b) Z is not reabsorbed; (c) Z is actively secreted; and (d) the renal threshold for Z secretion is a plasma concentration of 80 mg/mL plasma, and the transport maximum is 40 mg/min. The mouse GFR is 1 mL/min. On a graph similar to the one in question 22, show how filtration, secretion, and excretion are related. One axis will be plasma concentration of Z (mg/mL) with a range of 0–140, and the other axis will show rates of kidney processes (mg/min) with a range of 0–140.
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Kinetics: One-Compartment First-Order Absorption
1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple routes of administration provides greater insight than a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250-g rats following bolus IV, oral (PO), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.
Using this data and set of graphs, determine:(calculate for each variable)
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data
(b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data
c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data
(d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip
(e)absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
(f) absolute po bioavailability, Fpo
3. A promising new drug is being evaluated in human trials. Based on preliminary human tests, this drug is most effective when plasma levels exceed 30 mg/L. Measurements from preliminary tests indicate the following human pharmacokinetic parameter values: t1/2,elim = 4.6hr, t1/2,abs = 0.34hr, VD = 0.29 L/kg, Foral = 72%. Based on these parameters, estimate the following if a 49 kg woman were to receive a 1000mg oral dose of this drug:
(a) Estimate the plasma concentration of the drug at 1hr, 6 hr, and 20hr after taking the drug ( Concentration estimate)
(b) Estimate the time for maximum plasma concentration (tmax).
(c) Estimate the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax).
(d) Estimate the time at which the plasma level first rises above 30 mg/L. (Note this is a trial and error problem where you must guess a time, plug it into the concentration equation, and determine if it is close to 30 mg/L. Hint: based on part (a) it should be apparent that the answer is less than 1hr.)
(e)…
Chapter 19 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Ch. 19.1 - Ion regulation is a key feature of kidney...Ch. 19.1 - What happens to the force of cardiac contraction...Ch. 19.2 - If net filtration out of glomerular capillaries...Ch. 19.2 - If net reabsorption into peritubular capillaries...Ch. 19.3 - Name one way in which filtration and secretion are...Ch. 19.3 - A water molecule enters the renal corpuscle from...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 7CCCh. 19.4 - Why is the osmotic pressure of plasma in efferent...Ch. 19.4 - If a hypertensive persons blood pressure is...Ch. 19.4 - If systemic blood pressure remains constant but...
Ch. 19.4 - A person with cirrhosis of the liver has...Ch. 19.7 - If plasma creatinine = 1.8 mg/100 mL plasma, urine...Ch. 19 - List and explain the significance of the five...Ch. 19 - List and explain the six major kidney functions.Ch. 19 - At any given time, what percentage of cardiac...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4RQCh. 19 - Arrange the following structures in the order that...Ch. 19 - Name the three filtration barriers that solutes...Ch. 19 - Prob. 7RQCh. 19 - What does the abbreviation GFR stand for? What is...Ch. 19 - Identify the following structures, then explain...Ch. 19 - In which segment of the nephron does most...Ch. 19 - Match each of the following substances with its...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12RQCh. 19 - Prob. 13RQCh. 19 - Prob. 14RQCh. 19 - Map the following terms. You may add terms if you...Ch. 19 - Define, compare, and contrast the items in the...Ch. 19 - What are the advantages of a kidney that filters a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 18RQCh. 19 - Diagram the micturition reflex. How is this reflex...Ch. 19 - Antimuscarinic drugs are the accepted treatment...Ch. 19 - Draw a section of renal tubule epithelium showing...Ch. 19 - Prob. 22RQCh. 19 - Read the box on hemodialysis on p. 603 and see if...Ch. 19 - Graphing question: You are given a chemical Z and...Ch. 19 - Prob. 25RQCh. 19 - Prob. 26RQCh. 19 - Dwight was competing for a spot on the Olympic...Ch. 19 - You are a physiologist taking part in an...Ch. 19 - If 140 liters of plasma are filtered in a day, and...
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