The reasons why the organisms do not utilize the first steps of meiosis for the normal mitotic division of somatic cells. Introduction: Cell division is the process where the cells divide to produce two or more daughter cells. There are mainly two types of cell division- Mitosis and Meiosis. Mitosis involves the division of a single cell into two identical daughter cells. Meiosis involves the production of the sex cells-sperms and eggs. This process involves the division of a single cell twice to produce four daughter cells which exactly contains half of the original chromosomes numbers. There are two phases of meiosis- meiosis I and meiosis II.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons why the organisms do not utilize the first steps of meiosis for the normal mitotic division of somatic cells.

Introduction: Cell division is the process where the cells divide to produce two or more daughter cells. There are mainly two types of cell division- Mitosis and Meiosis. Mitosis involves the division of a single cell into two identical daughter cells. Meiosis involves the production of the sex cells-sperms and eggs. This process involves the division of a single cell twice to produce four daughter cells which exactly contains half of the original chromosomes numbers. There are two phases of meiosis- meiosis I and meiosis II.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In meiosis I, there will be separation of the homologous pairs through the first round of the cell division which can produce one diploid cell and in meiosis II, there will be separation of the sister chromatids during the second round of the cell division. Hence, they can produce four haploid daughter cells whereas the mitosis involves the division of a single cell into two diploid daughter cells.

Somatic cells will have diploid number of chromosomes and it is necessary that the essential number of chromosomes to be present in the cell for its normal functioning. Abnormal number of chromosomes will result in cancerous cells or cell death. The genes required for the normal functioning of the cell is evenly distributed amongst the diploid number of chromosomes.

At the end of synthesis phase, the DNA replicates to form exactly two copies. The two copies should be evenly distributed amongst the daughter cells. If the cells were to be randomly distributed with chromosomes during cell division, the daughter cells will not accurately acquire one copy of each chromosome. The normal cell functioning will be stalled. Hence, the organisms do not utilize the first step of meiosis for the normal mitotic division of somatic cells.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…

Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons why the organisms do not utilize the first steps of meiosis for the normal mitotic division of somatic cells.

Introduction: Cell division is the process where the cells divide to produce two or more daughter cells. There are mainly two types of cell division- Mitosis and Meiosis. Mitosis involves the division of a single cell into two identical daughter cells. Meiosis involves the production of the sex cells-sperms and eggs. This process involves the division of a single cell twice to produce four daughter cells which exactly contains half of the original chromosomes numbers. There are two phases of meiosis- meiosis I and meiosis II.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In meiosis I, there will be separation of the homologous pairs through the first round of the cell division which can produce one diploid cell and in meiosis II, there will be separation of the sister chromatids during the second round of the cell division. Hence, they can produce four haploid daughter cells whereas the mitosis involves the division of a single cell into two diploid daughter cells.

Somatic cells will have diploid number of chromosomes and it is necessary that the essential number of chromosomes to be present in the cell for its normal functioning. Abnormal number of chromosomes will result in cancerous cells or cell death. The genes required for the normal functioning of the cell is evenly distributed amongst the diploid number of chromosomes.

At the end of synthesis phase, the DNA replicates to form exactly two copies. The two copies should be evenly distributed amongst the daughter cells. If the cells were to be randomly distributed with chromosomes during cell division, the daughter cells will not accurately acquire one copy of each chromosome. The normal cell functioning will be stalled. Hence, the organisms do not utilize the first step of meiosis for the normal mitotic division of somatic cells.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons why the organisms do not utilize the first steps of meiosis for the normal mitotic division of somatic cells.

Introduction: Cell division is the process where the cells divide to produce two or more daughter cells. There are mainly two types of cell division- Mitosis and Meiosis. Mitosis involves the division of a single cell into two identical daughter cells. Meiosis involves the production of the sex cells-sperms and eggs. This process involves the division of a single cell twice to produce four daughter cells which exactly contains half of the original chromosomes numbers. There are two phases of meiosis- meiosis I and meiosis II.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In meiosis I, there will be separation of the homologous pairs through the first round of the cell division which can produce one diploid cell and in meiosis II, there will be separation of the sister chromatids during the second round of the cell division. Hence, they can produce four haploid daughter cells whereas the mitosis involves the division of a single cell into two diploid daughter cells.

Somatic cells will have diploid number of chromosomes and it is necessary that the essential number of chromosomes to be present in the cell for its normal functioning. Abnormal number of chromosomes will result in cancerous cells or cell death. The genes required for the normal functioning of the cell is evenly distributed amongst the diploid number of chromosomes.

At the end of synthesis phase, the DNA replicates to form exactly two copies. The two copies should be evenly distributed amongst the daughter cells. If the cells were to be randomly distributed with chromosomes during cell division, the daughter cells will not accurately acquire one copy of each chromosome. The normal cell functioning will be stalled. Hence, the organisms do not utilize the first step of meiosis for the normal mitotic division of somatic cells.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons why the organisms do not utilize the first steps of meiosis for the normal mitotic division of somatic cells.

Introduction: Cell division is the process where the cells divide to produce two or more daughter cells. There are mainly two types of cell division- Mitosis and Meiosis. Mitosis involves the division of a single cell into two identical daughter cells. Meiosis involves the production of the sex cells-sperms and eggs. This process involves the division of a single cell twice to produce four daughter cells which exactly contains half of the original chromosomes numbers. There are two phases of meiosis- meiosis I and meiosis II.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In meiosis I, there will be separation of the homologous pairs through the first round of the cell division which can produce one diploid cell and in meiosis II, there will be separation of the sister chromatids during the second round of the cell division. Hence, they can produce four haploid daughter cells whereas the mitosis involves the division of a single cell into two diploid daughter cells.

Somatic cells will have diploid number of chromosomes and it is necessary that the essential number of chromosomes to be present in the cell for its normal functioning. Abnormal number of chromosomes will result in cancerous cells or cell death. The genes required for the normal functioning of the cell is evenly distributed amongst the diploid number of chromosomes.

At the end of synthesis phase, the DNA replicates to form exactly two copies. The two copies should be evenly distributed amongst the daughter cells. If the cells were to be randomly distributed with chromosomes during cell division, the daughter cells will not accurately acquire one copy of each chromosome. The normal cell functioning will be stalled. Hence, the organisms do not utilize the first step of meiosis for the normal mitotic division of somatic cells.

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Answer 5

Chapter 19, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons why the organisms do not utilize the first steps of meiosis for the normal mitotic division of somatic cells.

Introduction: Cell division is the process where the cells divide to produce two or more daughter cells. There are mainly two types of cell division- Mitosis and Meiosis. Mitosis involves the division of a single cell into two identical daughter cells. Meiosis involves the production of the sex cells-sperms and eggs. This process involves the division of a single cell twice to produce four daughter cells which exactly contains half of the original chromosomes numbers. There are two phases of meiosis- meiosis I and meiosis II.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In meiosis I, there will be separation of the homologous pairs through the first round of the cell division which can produce one diploid cell and in meiosis II, there will be separation of the sister chromatids during the second round of the cell division. Hence, they can produce four haploid daughter cells whereas the mitosis involves the division of a single cell into two diploid daughter cells.

Somatic cells will have diploid number of chromosomes and it is necessary that the essential number of chromosomes to be present in the cell for its normal functioning. Abnormal number of chromosomes will result in cancerous cells or cell death. The genes required for the normal functioning of the cell is evenly distributed amongst the diploid number of chromosomes.

At the end of synthesis phase, the DNA replicates to form exactly two copies. The two copies should be evenly distributed amongst the daughter cells. If the cells were to be randomly distributed with chromosomes during cell division, the daughter cells will not accurately acquire one copy of each chromosome. The normal cell functioning will be stalled. Hence, the organisms do not utilize the first step of meiosis for the normal mitotic division of somatic cells.

Answer 6

Chapter 19, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons why the organisms do not utilize the first steps of meiosis for the normal mitotic division of somatic cells.

Introduction: Cell division is the process where the cells divide to produce two or more daughter cells. There are mainly two types of cell division- Mitosis and Meiosis. Mitosis involves the division of a single cell into two identical daughter cells. Meiosis involves the production of the sex cells-sperms and eggs. This process involves the division of a single cell twice to produce four daughter cells which exactly contains half of the original chromosomes numbers. There are two phases of meiosis- meiosis I and meiosis II.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In meiosis I, there will be separation of the homologous pairs through the first round of the cell division which can produce one diploid cell and in meiosis II, there will be separation of the sister chromatids during the second round of the cell division. Hence, they can produce four haploid daughter cells whereas the mitosis involves the division of a single cell into two diploid daughter cells.

Somatic cells will have diploid number of chromosomes and it is necessary that the essential number of chromosomes to be present in the cell for its normal functioning. Abnormal number of chromosomes will result in cancerous cells or cell death. The genes required for the normal functioning of the cell is evenly distributed amongst the diploid number of chromosomes.

At the end of synthesis phase, the DNA replicates to form exactly two copies. The two copies should be evenly distributed amongst the daughter cells. If the cells were to be randomly distributed with chromosomes during cell division, the daughter cells will not accurately acquire one copy of each chromosome. The normal cell functioning will be stalled. Hence, the organisms do not utilize the first step of meiosis for the normal mitotic division of somatic cells.

Answer 7

Chapter 19, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons why the organisms do not utilize the first steps of meiosis for the normal mitotic division of somatic cells.

Introduction: Cell division is the process where the cells divide to produce two or more daughter cells. There are mainly two types of cell division- Mitosis and Meiosis. Mitosis involves the division of a single cell into two identical daughter cells. Meiosis involves the production of the sex cells-sperms and eggs. This process involves the division of a single cell twice to produce four daughter cells which exactly contains half of the original chromosomes numbers. There are two phases of meiosis- meiosis I and meiosis II.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In meiosis I, there will be separation of the homologous pairs through the first round of the cell division which can produce one diploid cell and in meiosis II, there will be separation of the sister chromatids during the second round of the cell division. Hence, they can produce four haploid daughter cells whereas the mitosis involves the division of a single cell into two diploid daughter cells.

Somatic cells will have diploid number of chromosomes and it is necessary that the essential number of chromosomes to be present in the cell for its normal functioning. Abnormal number of chromosomes will result in cancerous cells or cell death. The genes required for the normal functioning of the cell is evenly distributed amongst the diploid number of chromosomes.

At the end of synthesis phase, the DNA replicates to form exactly two copies. The two copies should be evenly distributed amongst the daughter cells. If the cells were to be randomly distributed with chromosomes during cell division, the daughter cells will not accurately acquire one copy of each chromosome. The normal cell functioning will be stalled. Hence, the organisms do not utilize the first step of meiosis for the normal mitotic division of somatic cells.