Chapter 19, Problem 19.137P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

$\text{pH}$ Of $\text{HF}$ solution has to be calculated before $\text{NaOH}$ is added.

Concept introduction:

Titration:

Titration is a quantitative chemical analysis to determine the concentration of an identified analyte. The titrant is the reagent which is prepared as a standard solution of known concentration volume. The titrant reacts with the analyte to determine the analyte’s concentration. The volume of the titrant reacting with analyte is called the titration volume.

Equivalence point:

Equivalence point in the titration reaction is the point where the amount of titrant added is absolutely enough to neutralize completely the analyte. The moles of titrant and the moles of analyte are same at this point.

pH:

$\text{pH}$ is a scale used to specify the acidity or basicity a solution . It ranges from $0-14$. $\text{pH}$ $7.0$ is considered as neutral solution, $\text{pH}$ more than $7.0$ is taken as basic solution whereas $\text{pH}$ less than $7.0$ is considered as acidic solution (at ${\text{25}}^{\text{ο}}\text{C}$). It is the measurement of activity of free ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ and ${\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}$ in solution.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Amount of titrant ($\text{NaOH}$) is required to achieve the equivalence point has to be calculated in milliliters.

Concept introduction:

Titration:

Titration is a quantitative chemical analysis to determine the concentration of an identified analyte. The titrant is the reagent which is prepared as a standard solution of known concentration volume. The titrant reacts with the analyte to determine the analyte’s concentration. The volume of the titrant reacting with analyte is called the titration volume.

Equivalence point:

Equivalence point in the titration reaction is the point where the amount of titrant added is absolutely enough to neutralize completely the analyte. The moles of titrant and the moles of analyte are same at this point.

pH:

$\text{pH}$ is a scale used to specify the acidity or basicity a solution . It ranges from $0-14$. $\text{pH}$ $7.0$ is considered as neutral solution, $\text{pH}$ more than $7.0$ is taken as basic solution whereas $\text{pH}$ less than $7.0$ is considered as acidic solution (at ${\text{25}}^{\text{ο}}\text{C}$). It is the measurement of activity of free ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ and ${\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}$ in solution.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The value of $\text{pH}$ at $0.\text{50}\text{mL}$ before equivalence point has to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Titration:

Titration is a quantitative chemical analysis to determine the concentration of an identified analyte. The titrant is the reagent which is prepared as a standard solution of known concentration volume. The titrant reacts with the analyte to determine the analyte’s concentration. The volume of the titrant reacting with analyte is called the titration volume.

Equivalence point:

Equivalence point in the titration reaction is the point where the amount of titrant added is absolutely enough to neutralize completely the analyte. The moles of titrant and the moles of analyte are same at this point.

pH:

$\text{pH}$ is a scale used to specify the acidity or basicity a solution . It ranges from $0-14$. $\text{pH}$ $7.0$ is considered as neutral solution, $\text{pH}$ more than $7.0$ is taken as basic solution whereas $\text{pH}$ less than $7.0$ is considered as acidic solution (at ${\text{25}}^{\text{ο}}\text{C}$). It is the measurement of activity of free ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ and ${\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}$ in solution.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

$\text{pH}$ At equivalence point has to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Titration:

Titration is a quantitative chemical analysis to determine the concentration of an identified analyte. The titrant is the reagent which is prepared as a standard solution of known concentration volume. The titrant reacts with the analyte to determine the analyte’s concentration. The volume of the titrant reacting with analyte is called the titration volume.

Equivalence point:

Equivalence point in the titration reaction is the point where the amount of titrant added is absolutely enough to neutralize completely the analyte. The moles of titrant and the moles of analyte are same at this point.

pH:

$\text{pH}$ is a scale used to specify the acidity or basicity a solution . It ranges from $0-14$. $\text{pH}$ $7.0$ is considered as neutral solution, $\text{pH}$ more than $7.0$ is taken as basic solution whereas $\text{pH}$ less than $7.0$ is considered as acidic solution (at ${\text{25}}^{\text{ο}}\text{C}$). It is the measurement of activity of free ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ and ${\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}$ in solution.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Value of $\text{pH}$ at $0.\text{50}\text{mL}$ has to be calculated after equivalence point.

Concept introduction:

Titration:

Titration is a quantitative chemical analysis to determine the concentration of an identified analyte. The titrant is the reagent which is prepared as a standard solution of known concentration volume. The titrant reacts with the analyte to determine the analyte’s concentration. The volume of the titrant reacting with analyte is called the titration volume.

Equivalence point:

Equivalence point in the titration reaction is the point where the amount of titrant added is absolutely enough to neutralize completely the analyte. The moles of titrant and the moles of analyte are same at this point.

pH:

$\text{pH}$ is a scale used to specify the acidity or basicity a solution . It ranges from $0-14$. $\text{pH}$ $7.0$ is considered as neutral solution, $\text{pH}$ more than $7.0$ is taken as basic solution whereas $\text{pH}$ less than $7.0$ is considered as acidic solution (at ${\text{25}}^{\text{ο}}\text{C}$). It is the measurement of activity of free ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ and ${\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}$ in solution.